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Travel I Italy 

THE LAND OF WONDROUS BEAUTY, 
SUNSHINE AND ROMANCE 



A 

Country 

of 

Beautiful 

Cities 

Lovely 

Lakes 

Picturesque 

Shores 

Venerable 

Ruins 

Noble 

Monuments 

Treasures 

of 

Art 



The Standard Travel Ass'n of 

ITALY 

INVITES YOII 

to disc :ss plans for your 
European trip. It will as- 
sist you to arrange the most 
enjoyable tour the world 
affords. It will furnish, 
free of charge, valuable travel 
information, guide books, 
maps and literature through 
its 

Bureau of Information 

389 Fifth Avenue 

New York 

Established for the benefit of 
American travellers, where you 
are cordially invited to come and 
see the splendid collection of pho- 
tographs and other views illus- 
trating the sights of Italy. 



Standard Italian Travel Ass'n 

389 Fifth Avenue, New York 







italp 
for tfje ^ounsit 



£§>tanbarb Italian SCrabel 
9^ottation 

has been organized for the purpose of promoting 
and facilitating travel in Italy. It will do this by 
informing the travelling public concerning Italy's 
unparalleled attractions, by assisting travellers in 
planning tours and by making the sojourn of 
visitors both pleasant and successful. 



Expert and Impartial Information on All 
Matters Relating to Travel in Europe. 



American Office 
389 Fifth Ave., New York City 

Telephone 3628 Madison Square 



THE STANDARD GUIDE 



TO 



ITALY 



A Handbook of Miscellaneous Information 
for the Tourist 




I*.U 



1912 

Presented with the Compliments of the 

Standard Italian Travel Association 



Copyright 1911 by G. Fattorusso 







TUNIS 

MAP OF ITALY SHOWING RAILWAY LINES 



©a a 30 a 2 es 




ROME. AURORA BY GUIDO RENI 

ITALY 

For the Tourist 

LI E who has not explored Italy knows but little of 
the delights of travel. 

Italy has ever possessed for the tourist a charm be- 
yond all other countries. A charm not merely of at- 
traction, but of persistence, often of compulsion; he who 
once comes to Italy, usually returns, and often remains 
in permanent and willing fascination. 

Although so much has been said and written about 
Italy, the half has never yet been told, nor may be told 
in words; the Wonders of Nature and Art cannot be 
fully expressed in mere signs and symbols, translated so 
to speak into a lesser form of speech. To be understood 
they must themselves utter their mysteries direct to the 
ears of the listener, display them before the eyes of the 
beholder, thus appealing to his heart with their wondrous 
voices. 



A TRAVELLERS 9 PARADISE. 

TTALY is literally a Travellers' Paradise; every city 
^ and almost every little town is important either his- 
torically or picturesquely. 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



During several centuries its people produced much 
that is grea" and even imperishable in Art and Science, 
its intellectual leaders gave a powerful impulse to crea- 
tion in both of these by revivifying classical antiquity. 
The treasures of Art on the soil of Italy are numberless; 
the number of petty potentates who held their courts in 
its various subdivisions created a hundred centers of inter- 
est for the traveller. There is scarcely a foot of Italian 
soil, scarcely a year of Italian history which does not 
call for comment from the historian or tempt the lover of 
Nature to linger in admiration. 

Is it any wonder, therefore, that in visiting these 
cities one's thoughts involuntarily recur to the history of 
the past? Indeed, the secret of their charm consists 
partly in the consciousness that these cities are connected 
with the earliest developments of European civilization; 
that there was scarcely any great epoch in the history 
of human culture but found here its theatre and its 
heroes. 




THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



TO KNOW EUROPE ONE MUST KNOW 
ITALY. 

CINCE the dawn of civilization, when Trojans and 
Phoenicians first settled on its shores, Italy has been 
the meeting place and battlefield of the great powers of 
the earth; and it is no exaggeration to say that upon the 
result of battles fought in Italy oft times hung the fate 
and. future history of the world. 

Italy was the soul of the world and all were wooing 
her; she was the focus of all ancient culture, and this 
focus each nation desired to possess as its own. It 
almost seems as though Nature herself were anxious to 
protect this shrine of her beauties, for on three sides 
she has protected it by the sea and on the north has built 
a gigantic wall. 

The history of Italy has been important in every re- 
spect in its influence on the civilization of mankind. The 
country is one vast comprehensive university; nowhere 
in the world can one gain so clear and connected an idea 
of the origins of the Christian civilization in whose midst 
we live as in Italy. He who ignores the chronicles of 
Italian History can never comprehend in its full signifi- 
cance the wonderful story of the "Making of Modern 
Europe." 

A MECCA FOR TOURISTS. 

ITALY to-day is a prominent nation, and the modern- 
* ness of its cities only goes to add splendor to its 
natural and artistic beauties. Therefore, it is more than 
ever the favored shrine to which thousands of travellers 
annually flock, to find on her picturesque shores, her 
lakes and mountains; in her churches, her art galleries 
and ruins, the goal of their pilgrimage. 

Her extraordinary attractions being conceded, it is 
logically inevitable that a visit to Italy cannot fail to be 



THE STANDARD GtJIDE TO ITALY 



an intellectual recreation, and a life experience to be 
treasured in the memory for ever; it places one on more 
familiar terms with the great and good of the illustrious 
past, and the repetition of such visits adds materially to 
the constitution of a liberal education. 




VENICE. THE GRAND CANAL ON A FETE DAY 

Travelers find in Italy, in all seasons, charming and 
comfortable winter resorts, such as — Bordighera, San 
Remo, Alassio, Pegli, Genoa, Santa Margherita, Ra- 
pallo, Naples, Sorrento, Capri, Amalfi, Ravello, Taor- 
mina, Palermo . . . along the beautiful Mediterranean, 
where winter is shorn of its intemperance. Fascinating and 
delightful spring and summer resorts, such as — Stresa, 
Bellagio, Cernobbio, Courmayyeur, Vallombrosa etc. and 
Salsomaggiore, Lucca, Montecatini, Telese, Castellamare, 
famous for their mineral waters. Finally, Sorrento, Via- 
reggio, Rimini and Lido (Venice) will provide an added 
attraction for those who are fond of sea-bathine. 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



THE BAY OF NAPLES 

The Gateway to "Pictureland" 

PHE wonderful Mediterranean coast offers no lovelier 
feature than the Bay of Naples — one of the mari- 
time gateways to Italy — and the approach to it by sea, 
has a fascination all its own. 




PANORAMA OF NAPLES 

Nothing can equal this magnificent bay for grandeur 
of scenery and panoramic views. Its banks with bloom- 
ing groves of lemon and orange trees; vine-clad Vesu- 
vius, grand, ominous and imposing in the background ; 
the hills of Posilipo clothed in myrtle, the islands of 
Ischia and Capri rising from waters of sapphire, present 
a truly magic aspect. 



For the sake of convenience of treatment, it is presumed 
that the tourist will enter Italy by Naples which can he 
reached very conveniently from New York or Boston, Egypt, 
etc., by steamer, thence after visiting Sicily, proceed north- 
wards to Rome, Florence, etc. 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



THE NAPLES RIVIERA 

Z^NE of the most beautiful features of Southern Italy, 
^^^ is the Parthenopean Riviera — the strip of shore-line 
which stretches from Cumae, the original seat of Italian 
Hellenism, to ancient Pestum, whose past greatness is 
evidenced by its wonderfully preserved Greek temples. 

The wondrous coast sweeping in graceful wide curves 
around the bays of Naples and Salerno is dotted wkh 
charmingly situated towns and romantic villas that look 
down on the soft and dazzling blue waters of the Medi- 
terranean, making that peculiar mystic union when per- 
fect land meets perfect water. 

And truly, what could be more attractive than Na- 
ples, Sorrento, Amalfi — those dazzling cities basking in 
sunshine, which lie like a necklace of pearls along the 
Parthenopean Riviera? 

And again, what an array of illustrious names are 
forever associated with these fascinating shores! Roman 
emperors, Pagan statesmen and poets; Norman, French 
and Spanish princes and generals; popes, saints and 
scientists of the Middle A.ges; poets, writers and artists 
* of the Renaissance. . . . All of which have 
contributed to shed a halo of historical romance upon 
these glorious shores bathed in the bright hues of the blue 
Mediterranean. 



NAPLES 

The City of Mirth and Song 

XTAPLES occupies one of the finest situations in the 
^ world, at the base and on the slope of a range of 
hills which rise in an amphitheatre on the western side of 
the Bay of Naples. It is the most populous city of Italy 
and perhaps the most typical of Italian cities* 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



The picturesque and busy otreets teeming with south- 
ern life, the long Toledo (the main thoroughfare), on 
which is displayed the magnificence of modern Naples, 
the wonderful drive around the bay with its continuous 
stream of carriages adorned with rank and fashion, the 
palatial hotels and fascinating shops constitute a picture 
of unusual attractiveness and places Naples amongst the 
great European metropoli of the twentieth century. 

Above all, its delightful climate, its azure skies, its 
warm and bright sunshine in winter and refreshing sea- 
breezes ,of summer, have given to Naples the enviable 
reputation of being an ideal place for residence at all 
times of the year. 

It is impossible to do more than suggest a few of the 
many attractions of Naples in this brief summary which 
does but little justice to its numerous beauties. Among 
the foremost points of interest are: — the National 
Museum with its matchless collection of art treasures — 
for the most part recovered from the buried cities of 
Pompeii and Herculaneum; the gorgeous chapels of 
the Cathedral, the churches of San Domenico and San 
Severo, and the elaborate Gothic tombs at Santa Chiara; 
the world-renowned Aquarium ; the old monastery of 
San Martino on the hill from whence the loveliest view 
can be had; the Galleria Umberto, the Royal Palace; 
the magnificent Via Caracciolo along the seafront which 
affords entrancing views of the bay. In order to acquire 
a memorable recollection or impression of this wonder- 
ful city the tourist should devote at least a week to visit- 
ing Naples. 

A word should be said in conclusion in reference 
to the hotels in Naples. There are a number of promi- 
nent hotels on the promenade along the sea-front. 

The Excelsior is a magnificent hotel, in a situation 
affording a most beautiful view of the Bay. It is a 
favorite rendezvous of rank and fashion. 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



The adjoining Hotel Santa Lucia is among the best 
in the city and is well arranged to satisfy the needs of 
the most fastidious of tourists. See Advt. 

The Grand Hotel Vesuve has an universal reputa- 
tion for luxury and comfort and is one of the largest of 
the leading hotels in Italy. See Advt. 

Further on, the Grand Hotel under the same man- 
agement as the Hotel "Schweizerhof" at Lucerne, needs 
little recommendation. 

The adjoining Hotel Savoy is replete with every 
modern comfort and is as comfortable as any hotel in 
Naples. See Advt. 

On the hillside, the Bertolini's Palace affords a fine 
view from its terrace and balconies. 

The Hotel Britannique, though not as expensive as 
the best hotels, offers every comfort. 

The Grand Hotel de Londres is most conveniently 
placed in the centre of the town. 

The Hotel Isotta and Geneve, also located in the 
central part of the town, is well managed and very 
popular. 

The Pension Pinto-Storey situated in the best part of 
the town, commands fine views, is steam-heated, comfort- 
able and well managed. 



THE ENVIRONS OF NAPLES 

Italy's Beauty Spots 

THE PHLEGREAN PLAINS, the district west 
of Naples, from time immemorial has been a scene of 
tremendous volcanic activity. It was here that the 
Greeks first settled in Italy and the legend of Hellenic 

10 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



traditions are most intimately associated with this region. 
The prosperity of this lovely coast has long since de- 
parted. Of the innumerable temples and palatial villas 
of imperial Rome only a chaotic heap of ruins is left to- 
day. But the islands and promontories, bays and lakes, 
and singularly beautiful indentations of the coast form 
the chief features of this scenery, which is perhaps without 
rival. A delightful and highly interesting excursion 10 
this region can be easily accomplished in one day by car- 
riage from Naples. The chief points of interest are: — 

POZZUOLI, a quiet little town situated on the bay, 
was founded by the Greeks in the sixth century B. C. 
In ancient times it was the most important commercial 
city in Italy and the principal port for the traffic with 
Egypt and the East. St. Paul on his journey to Rome 
in 62 A. D. spent seven days here (Acts XXVIII). 
The Amphitheatre, the Solfatara (the crater of a half- 
extinct volcano), the Temple of Serapis are the most 
interesting sights. 

BAI/E was the most famous and magnificent water- 
ing place of ancient Rome and a favorite resort of em- 
perors, nobles and distinguished Romans. Of the im- 
posing temples and magnificent villas, nothing but 
fragments now remain. Noteworthy are: the Temple 
of Diana, of Mercury, and of Venus. 

CUM/E, the Greek Kyme, the most ancient Greek 
colony in Italy, is said to have been founded by /Eolians 
from Asia Minor in B. C. 1050. Cumae influenced the 
civilization of the Italian peninsula. All the different 
alphabets of Italy were derived from the Cumaean; and 
Cuma was the centre whence the Hellenic culture be- 
came gradually diffused among the aboriginal tribes. 
This city, which once boasted of great wealth and com- 
mercial prosperity, has fallen entirely into decay. 

11 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



POMPEII, originally founded by Oscans, was at 
the time of its destruction in 79 A. D. a prosperous 
Roman town of 30,000 inhabitants. After its catas- 
trophe the very name of Pompeii died away and her 
place was known no more, until in the eighteenth century 
excavations were commenced and most of the ruins have 
been extricated of the ashes and rubbish accumulated 
during the seventeen centuries. To-day a whole antique 
city, which represents almost the only source of our 
acquaintance with ancient domestic life, lies before our 
astonished eyes; and the visitor in wandering through her 
streets, cannot help fancying that the population will 
presently return from some festival in the Campanian 
plains. 

Near the entrance to the ruins is the Hotel Suisse, a 
comfortable hotel with all modern improvements, well 
managed and thoroughly satisfactory in every way. 

HERCULANEUM, the ancient Heraclea, said to 
have been founded by Hercules; was a favorite site for 
the villas of wealthy Romans. It was totally destroyed 
by the first eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D. Subsequent 
eruptions buried it to a depth of one hundred feet of 
lava and ashes, and the modern town of Resina was 
built over its site. Extensive excavations have been made 
with interesting results, many valuable works of art hav- 
ing been recovered. 

CASTELLAMARE, is situated on a spur of 
Monte St. Angelo and is built over ancient Stabiae, which 
was destroyed at the same time as Pompeii and Hercu- 
laneum. The town extends more than a mile along the 
beautiful curving bay and has a busy harbour and dock- 
yard. Castellamare is not only a favorite summer re- 
sort, but owing to its healthy climate, its sea baths and 
mineral waters, is well frequented even in winter. The 

12 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Grand Hotel Quisisana, commands a most beautiful 
view of the bay and Mt. Vesuvius. 

THE CORNICHE ROAD, which stretches from 
Castellamare, for forty miles along the shores of the blue 
Mediterranean, to Salerno, is considered to be without 
rival for beauty and scenic views. 

The deservedly famous road is nearly the whole way 
hewn in the cliffs of the coast and frequently supported 
by viaducts nearly five hundred feet above the sea- 
leveL Smiling villages, each with its note of individual 
charm, are scattered all along the coast. It is difficult to 
furnish an efficient description of the attractions of this 
district without seeming to indulge in exaggeration. Here 
is the realm of the olive tree, which clothes the foot of 
the hills. Greyish-yellow rocks, silver-gray foliage of 
the olive, dark green groups and groves of orange and 
lemon trees; gaily colored villages, a graceful campanile 
here, a picturesque tower, standing solitary there ; a blue 
sky above, a blue sea below; a series of never ending 
enchantments— such is the character of this exquisite 
coast scenery, idyll follows idyll, but the most charming 
of all is Sorrento. 

SORRENTO 

SORRENTO, the ancient Sorrentum, already in 
the latter days of the Roman republic was frequented by 
the proud inhabitants of the capital who came to this 
city to enjoy sunny leisure. 

The Hesperian shores of Sorrento, its enchanted 
gardens, its blossom-filled groves upon steep cliffs, the 
intoxicating perfume of orange flowers, combine to make 
it a place of delight. 

In winter, spring and autumn Sorrento is frequented 
almost exclusively by Americans and English. Its situa* 

13 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



tion, however, admirably adapts it for a summer resi- 
dence, and it is then a very popular resort with both 
Italians and foreigners and the scene of much gaiety and 
society gatherings. 

Owing to its topographical position, Sorrento is the 
great tourist centre and starting point for many attractive 
excursions; Capri, Pompeii, Amalfi, etc., are all within 
easy reach. A week or a fortnight may be pleasantly 
spent roaming about the neighborhood. 




PANORAMA OF SORRENTO 



Its hotels are delightfully disposed amid flowering 
gardens or on a terrace overlooking the sea. There is 
a first class hotel here, the Victoria, set on one of these 
terraces from whence a series of magnificent views over 
the bay and surrounding country may be enjoyed. Back 
of the hotel is a most charming garden, elaborately 
laid out with orange and lemon trees and all the luxuri- 
ance of semi-tropical plants and flowers that the climate 
permits so willingly. 

14 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



CAPRI 

CAPRI, the pearl of the Mediterranean, is an 
island paradise, an Eden as fair as the most faithful might 
hope to find; and its picturesque outline forms one of the 
most charming features in the view of the Bay of Naples. 
It would be impossible to paint a word picture of this 
fairy-like island, with its bold cliffs rising precipitously 
from the sea, its terraced hills with blooming groves of 
oranges and vines, the white sunny houses, all with flat 
roofs, the villas with their gay approaches, the magnifi- 
cent road to Anacapri affording a panorama which is 
wonderful in its display of color and, last but not least the 
marvelous Blue Grott, famous the world over. 

Here the Grand Hotel Quisisana, the largest on 
the island, is exceedingly comfortable and well managed, 
and affords a delightful winter residence. 

The garden, which in spring and summer is used as 
an al fresco dining room, contains a number of artisti- 
cally laid out flower beds. 

The Hotel Royal, also provides good accommoda- 
tion. Another good hotel — the Eden Molaro — has a 
beautiful view of the bay and is well frequented. 



From Naples to Capri a steamer sails daily from the harbour 
of Santa Lucia. Leaving Naples at 9 a. m. the steamer reaches 
Sorrento at 10.15, departs at 10.30, reaches Capri at 11.30. 
Departs from Capri at 3.30 or 4 p. m. according to season, re- 
turning via Sorrento to Naples. 



is 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



POSITANO, a charming little town along the 
coast between Sorrento and Amalfi, is a convenient halt- 
ing place for travelers to and from Sorrento and Amalfi. 
The little Hotel Margherita, is prettily situated and 
provides good accommodations to visitors. 



AMALFI 

AMALFI, is most singularly situated, surrounded 
on one side by overhanging mountains and rocks, while 
on the other spreads itself the illimitable blue of the 
Mediterranean, veiled with the softest haze. 

The hills rise terrace-wise above the town, gaily 
colored houses, villas surrounded with orange groves and 
medieval towers are mingled in picturesque variety half- 
buried in the foliage of the vine. 

Amalfi once made laws governing Mediterranean 
waters and possessed colonies in the distant soil of Africa 
and Asia. In the 12th century it was a prosperous re- 
public possessing a powerful fleet and a population of 
50,000; until the Normans subdued it and its importance 
declined. Amalfi to-day has a population of only 6,000 
who carry on a modest trade of fruits. 

The old Capuchin monastery, the well known Hotel 
perched up on the hill, is the realization of a pleasant 
dream, for here one may pass his hours in perfection of 
leisurely comfort. The guests sleep in the cells of the 
old monks, and dine in the old white-washed chapel. 
There is the traditional cloister and the orange- and 
lemon-grove on a narrow terrace alongside the hotel 
on one side of which stands a row of white, plastered 
pillars supporting a roof of arching vines; from whence 
a superb view of Amalfi and the Gulf of Salerno may 
be enjoyed. 

16 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



RAVELLO. The fate of Amalfi was shared by 
its neighbour, Ravello, situated on a high plateau, where 
the Cathedral, with its bronze doors, its mosaics and Nor- 
man sculptures ; the Palazzo Rufolo, a perfect Alhambra, 
recall the memory of its period of greatness. 

Here the cosy little Hotel Palumbo, the old bishop's 
palace, is one of the most delightful home-like residences 
imaginable. Its terrace-garden, which lies on the very 
brow of the mountain, commands a most fascinating view 
of the coast of Amalfi. The curious penetrating charm 
of this place, the marvel of its view across the fabled 
sea, appealed so strongly to the most romantic spirit of 
our generation that Richard Wagner, signing his name 
in the visitors' book of the Hotel Palumbo, added the 
words, " Klingsor s Zaubergarten ist gefunden." 

CAVA, is another convenient halting place for 
travelers in this beautiful region. Here the Hotel de 
Londres, a quiet and- comfortable house is greatly ap- 
preciated by its patrons. 

SALERNO. The town of Salerno, which gives 
the name to its gulf, stands in its inmost corner and is the 
terminal point of the Corniche Road. In the Middle 
Ages it attained a high degree of prosperity, besides en- 
joying a European reputation for its School of Medicine. 
Pope Gregory VII. is buried in the Cathedral here. 

The Cathedral here contains the tomb of pope Gre- 
gory VIL, one of the greatest men, a reformer, almost 

17 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



a martyr, dead in exile, as he said himself, because he 
loved justice. 

Hotel d'Angleterre good. 




TEMPLES OF PESTUM 

P/ESTUM, the Poseidonia of the Greeks, was 
founded five hundred years before Christ by a Sybarite 
colony. The city to-day has disappeared from the earth, 
only the magnificent lines of columns in the three Doric 
temples remaining to testify to the greatness of its past. 
It is impossible to imagine a higher effort of man's creative 
genius than in these temples, which seem to be built for 
eternity. 



18 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



SICILY 

The "Sunny South" 

PHE climate of Sicily is one of the finest in Europe. 
m B Here the sun is different from that of even the 
warmest parts of the Continent ; the soil and configuration 
of the land are different, the vegetation far more luxuriant 
than even that of Naples and often wonderfully varied 
within quite narrow limits of space. Winter scarcely 
touches the island. In the evergreen valleys the roses 
bloom the year round; in this wonderland all Nature is 
magnificent, lavish, prodigal 

Sicily possesses an abundance of splendid ruins and 
presents to historians and archaeologists a field the more 
tempting since it has been so little tilled, and a new world 
to travellers who delight in the romantic and the pic- 
turesque. 

Nowhere else in Europe (within the limits of so small 
a territory) are there to be seen so many well preserved 
specimens of the work of the master builder of ancient 
and medieval times. Indeed, there are more ruins of 
Greek temples in the island of Sicily than are to be found 
n the Peloponnesus or in all Greece besides. 

It has been well said that "Sicily is the Archaeologi- 
cal Museum of Europe" ; for in Sicily are to be seen the 
caves of the cliff-dwellers; fragments of cyclopean struc- 
tures reared by prehistoric builders; foundations of walls 
laid by Phoenicians and Carthaginians; temples, theatres 
and fortresses of Greek construction; bridges, aqueducts 
and amphitheatres erected by Roman engineers; remains 
of edifices built by Byzantine architects; mosques and 
towers of Saracenic origin; while of Norman churches, 
castles, palaces, who can tell the number or describe 
their magnificence? 

19 




PALERMO. THE CATHEDRAL 



PALERMO 

The City of Beauty and Sunshine 

DALERMO is the capital of Sicily, and its largest 
city. It lies fronting a beautiful bay and encircled 
by mountains; the plain enclosed by a semicircle of hills, 
is named from its singular form and luxuriant fertility, the 
"Conca d'Oro," the Golden Shell; and within this shell 
lies Palermo like a splendid pearl. 

Besides the natural beauties, the true splendour of 
Palermo, that which makes the city one of the most 
glorious in the south, is to be sought in its churches. 

The principal are: the Cathedral, La Martorana 
and the Cappella Palatina, built in the XI century in 
the Arabic-Norman style. These two latter churches 
with their mosaic decorations, are perfect gems of 
medieval art, perhaps the most beautiful chapels in the 
world. The Museum and the Catacombs should be 
also visited, as well as the various villas, which are 
adorned with fragrant gardens and tropical vegetation. 

20 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



A very charming excursion can be made to the Ca- 
thedral of Monreale, whose walls are entirely covered 
with splendid mosaics. 

The Grand Hotel "Villa Igiea" is magnificently sit- 
uated facing the bay, and stands in spacious and beau- 
tifully laid out private gardens. The hotel is replete 
with every modern comfort and is the rendezvous of 
fashionable Society visiting Palermo. 

The Excelsior has been recently opened and affords 
comfortable quarters. 



TAORMINA 

A Veritable Fairyland 

TTAORMINA is a spot of infinite loveliness, the land 
of Dolce Far Niente, set as a resting place amid the 
stress and turmoil of the world. 

The town lies in an elevated position of wonderful, 
almost unique beauty; affording magnificent views com- 
bining sea and sky of a marvelous blue, miles of curving 
coast line and picturesque mountain scenery, while the 
majestic pyramid of Mount Etna on one side constitutes 
a scene of indescribable charm and beauty. 

As a winter resort, Taormina has no peer, a number 
of hotels attractively situated afford desirable and reason- 
ably priced accommodations. 

The Hotel San Domenico, is beautifully situated on 
the brow of the mountain. Like Amalfi, this is an old 
monastery, and guests sleep in the old monks' cells. 

The Hotel Castello a Mare, also enjoys a magnifi- 
cent position and affords comfortable accommodations* 

21 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



SYRACUSE 

C YRACUSE was for several centuries, the greatest city 
in the world, and its historic significance is only sur- 
passed by few other cities. 

In ancient times the town is said to have contained 
over a million of inhabitants, to-day it has a population 
of only twenty-five thousand. 

In the Latomie del Paradiso, a quarry hewn in the 
rock to a depth of over one hundred feet, is the renowned 
ear of Dionysius, which possesses extraordinary acustic 
properties. 

Here the Hotel Villa Politi offers good accommoda- 
tion to visitors. 

GIRGENTI 

PHE site of Girgenti, spreading its walls far and wide, 
was one of the stateliest on which any city was 
ever planted. Girgenti was the second city of Sicily in 
point of population, but first in point of wealth during 
the Hellenic period. To-day only the temples remain 
to testify to the greatness of its past. 

The ruins of the Greek temples at Girgenti are the 
most majestic in the ancient Hellenic world. Among 
others, the glorious Temple of Concord is the best pre- 
served and is probably the best specimen of Doric archi- 
tecture in existence. Hotel des Temples, quite good. 

MESSINA 

1WTESSINA, which was founded in the VII century 
B.C., was beautifully situated on a natural amphi- 
theatre at the foot of the Aspromonte mountain range, 
and was a prosperous town of nearly two hundred thou- 
sand inhabitants before the recent earthquake disaster of 
Dec. 28, 1 908, totally destroyed it. 

The town is now being rapidly rebuilt, because its 
harbour is too valuable to be abandoned. The Grand 
Hotel here, affords good accommodations. 

22 




ROME. ST. PETER S 



ROME 

The "Eternal City" 

D OME, for many centuries the undisputed mistress 
of the world, the supreme and eternal city, the seat 
of Empire and Christendom, the home of the conqueror, 
the greatest human center of power and influence: owes 
its mystery, its charm to six-and-twenty centuries of the 
most extraordinary history of antiquity, mostly filled with 
battle, conquest, power and splendor. Its story is the 
most splendid romance in history; from a sheepfold it 
grew into a town, from a town to a walled city, then 
to a little nation, a kingdom, a republic, an empire. . . 
and so Rome grew, grew. . . Other cities, Menphis, 
Babylon, Nineveh have disappeared: but Rome still 
lives and moves more joyous than ever. Greatness, 
beauty and eternity are stamped upon all the works of 
the Eternal City. 

The ruins of Rome may be compared to a broken 
mirror whose fragments and splinters still reflect the colos- 
sal images of heroes and nations in glory and splendor, 
in devastation and decay. 

23 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



After patient gazing, these venerable ruins com- 
bine themselves into a whole, ! the colossal images 
are united into one vast world-picture, so ablaze with 
glory thatMne soul is filled with awe and wonder, and 
even^the eyes of the wisest ate dazzled. 

The ancient and the modern are inextricably min- 
gled" ip Rome; she is no longer a city of antiquity, beau- 
tiful and idle, she is still an ancient city but young blood 
is stirring in her veins. ^ 

In its modernness, Rome is as cosmopolitan and beau- 
tiful as Paris; there are splendid boulevards bordered 
by trees, magnificent parks and good theatres. Society 
in Rome has come to be very cosmopolitan too, and one 
meets people of culture and distinction from all over the 
world. 

The myriad attractions of Rome are too well known 
and cannot be cited here by name; the foremost are: 
St. Peter's, the Vatican, the Roman Forum, the Palatine, 
the Capitoline, the Colosseum, the Pantheon, the Castle 
Sant'Angelo, the Catacombs, St. John in Lateran, Santa 
Maria Maggiore, St. Paul outside-the-Walls, the Na- 
tional Museum, the Borghese Gallery, etc., etc. 

Rome is considered to be one of the healthiest and 
pleasantest residences for strangers. The Eternal City 
certainly possesses to perfection one of the conditions of 
health, having a supply of pure water unsurpassed, if 
equaled, the world over. The city is splendidly drained ; 
the plumbing of the Roman hotels and all the newest 
buildings is according to the most modern requirements, 
while the arrangements of the older residences, though 
humble, are entirely safe. The winter is quite mild, snow, 
ice and frost being almost unknown. 

Rome possesses a number of splendid hotels which 
rank with the best in Europe. 

The Bristol Hotel, adjoining the Barberini Palace, 
is universally acknowledged to be among the best in Eu- 

24 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



rope. The hotel is one of the oldest established in 
Rome, and has only recently been entirely renovated, so 
that it is fully equipped with every modern comfort. 
The cuisine is distinctly high-class and maintains the 
reputation of the hotel at its highest point. 

The Palace Hotel, opposite Queen Margherita's Pal- 
ace, was recently enlarged and most luxuriously furnished. 
It is magnificently situated in the most elegant and quiet- 
est part of Rome and gives a home-like welcome to the 
visitor desirous of restful and refined surroundings. 

The Excelsior, adjoining the Queen's Palace, is un- 
questionably one of the finest hotels in Italy and is the 
rendezvous of fashionable Society visiting Rome. 

Opposite the Excelsior is the Regina Hotel, another 
fine establishment providing all that is required as regards 
situation, comfort and luxury. 

Near by is the Hotel Beau Site, a well known Fam- 
ily Hotel with every modern comfort and, owing to its 
position, with a beautiful view over the town and the 
Campagna. 

The Hotel de Russie, near the Public Gardens, is 
exceedingly comfortable and cosy and leaves nothing to 
be desired. 

The Grand Hotel Quirinal, under Swiss manage- 
ment, is very popular and quite comfortable from every 
point of view. 

The Elisee Hotel, in the Via Pinciana, lately opened, 
is a comfortable house with all modern improvements and 
affords accommodation at reasonable rates. 

The Hotel d'Angleterre, conveniently situated near 
the Piazza di Spagna, is under American management 
and affords comfortable home-like accommodations at 
moderate prices, 

25 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



THE ENVIRONS OF ROME 

/^\NE can have no complete idea of Roman life with- 
^^ out an acquaintance with the "Environs of Rome,'* 
which still retain most of their characteristics of his- 
toric times. The Campagna, with its aqueducts, fabled 
the Alban and Sabine Hills, the Catacombs and the Ap- 
pian Way adorned by remains of what were once splen- 
did tombs are still classic ground. 

FRASCATI, was Rome's patrician suburb, and to- 
day is the resort of many excursionists from Rome. 
Frascati's villas and palaces cannot be catalogued here, 
its chief architectural glories are the Villa Aldobrandini 
and the Villa Conti. 

The Grand Hotel Frascati, is quite good and well 
managed. 

TIVOLI, a town of great antiquity, during the im- 
perial period was a favorite summer residence of Roman 
nobles, many of whom built beautiful villas here. The 
town is charmingly situated on a hill, overlooking the 
Campagna. Tivoli's greatest attractions are: the Water- 
falls, the Villa d'Este, one of the finest of the Renais- 
sance period, and Hadrian's Villa which has supplied 
many a Roman museum with its works of art. 

The Hotel Sirene, overlooking the Waterfalls, is 
charmingly situated and affords good accommodations 
at moderate prices. 



26 




ORVIETO. THE CATHEDRAL 



ORVIETO 

And Its Wonderful Cathedral 

/^RVIETO is built upon an isolated volcanic rock, 
^ probably the site of an Etruscan city. In the mid- 
dle ages it was a great stronghold, and several popes 
found refuge within its walls. 

The celebrated Cathedral, a magnificent edifice of 
Gothic architecture, the construction of which required 
nearly 300 years, has a facade gorgeously adorned with 

27 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



sculptures and mosaics which constitute one of the largest 
and most gorgeous polychrome in the world. 

Amongst other interesting sights are: the Fortress, 
the Amphitheatre and the famous well of St. Patrick. 

Here the Palace Hotel affords visitors very good 
accommodations. 

PERUGIA 

The Cradle of Umbrian Art 

D ERUGIA rising in the midst of the most glorious 
vegetation, is the empress of hill-set Italian cities. 
From its unique situation can be enjoyed the most mag- 
nificent panorama imaginable. 

Perugia was the home of an eminent school of paint- 
ing which raised Art to an insuperable height. 

A number of attractive excursions can be made from 
Perugia, the most important is the one to the "Ipogeo dei 
Volumni" which is the most interesting Etruscan-Roman 
sepulchre to be seen anywhere. 

The principal attractions are: the Palazzo Publico, 
the Collegio del Cambio, the Cathedral and the church 
of San Pietro. 

The Palace Hotel, situated in the most elevated part 
of the town, is thoroughly first class and very comfort- 
able in every respect. It has spacious, airy rooms and 
apartments with private baths and is up-to-date in every 
respect. See Advt. 

Another good hotel — the Brufani — commands 
charming views of the Umbrian valley. 

ASSISI 

The Land of Mysticism 

A SSISI, the birthplace of St. Francis who founded 
** the religious order, is deservedly the popular shrine 
that it is. The city of mysticism is loved by men of all 
creeds, who recall the story of the holy man, who, with 

28 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



poverty as a garment trod his long way succouring the 
poor. Immense antiquity is suggested by everything 
around: Etruscan tombs, Roman temples, convents and 
churches. The place is also a favorite with artists, who 
realize that here is to be found some of Art's most beau- 
tiful creations. 

The Hotel Subasio is charmingly situated overlook- 
ing the valley and efficiently managed by its proprietor. 



SIENA 

f~\ F all the towns of Tuscany, none is more celebrated 
^^^ than Siena. As a city it is a typical representative 
of those numerous Italian towns, whose origin is buried 
in remote antiquity. 

In art as in history, Siena played a prominent part 
in the Middle Ages. 

The three most striking objects of interest in Siena, 
maintain the character of medieval individuality by 
which the town is marked. The Palazzo Pubblico, a 
huge Gothic structure of travertine and brick whose 
graceful tower rises to a height of 335 feet. 

The Cathedral is the most purely Gothic of all 
Italian churches ; it is built wholly of marble and overlaid 
inside and out with florid ornaments of exquisite beauty. 

The House of St. Catharine, who prevailed upon 
Pope Gregory XL (1377) to restore the papal throne 
from Avignon to Rome. 

The Grand Hotel Continental, is very central and a 
most comfortable hotel, heated by hot-air; with private 
baths and good cuisine. 

29 



Tftfc STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



A charming excursion may be made from Siena to 
San Gimignano, in the Valley of the Elsa. This singu- 
lar town with its towers and Gothic edifices built of 
huge blocks of stone and having pointed arches to their 
windows still retains a medieval aspect. 




SIENA. THE CATHEDRAL 



30 



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'v~^*^i 





PANORAMA OF FLORENCE 



FLORENCE 

The City of Flowers 

U 1 LORENCE is one of the world's handsomest cities 
and well deserves the touching epithet of "La 
Bella." Its situation in the plain on both sides of the 
Arno, surrounded by hills whose slopes are adorned by 
nature and art, is one of exquisite beauty. Favored by 
its moderate and healthy climate, Florence has ever 
been beloved by citizens and strangers alike; hence the 
fact that many of her visitors have built themselves 
houses and villas and have become regular residents for 
a great portion of the year. 

The city is complete in itself, lively but not too crowd- 
ed; everywhere a taste for elegant and joyous beauty 
declares itself. 

In the history of Art, Florence ranks foremost 
among the cities of Europe and is called the Athens of 
modern times. 

In Florence began the Renaissance which spread over 
Italy and Europe. 

The Art treasures of Florence are countless, its gal- 
leries are full of the greatest works of the greatest paint- 

31 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



ers in the world; while the monuments, palaces and pub- 
lic places perpetrate many famous historical or literary 
reminiscences. Hence, the educational value of Florence 
is something unique, exceptional. It is the one place 
where one can get a full and connected view of the 
growth of the arts in Modern Italy. 

It is obviously impossible to describe here the numer- 
ous attractions which Florence possesses, the foremost are : 
the Piazza della Signoria, the Palazzo Vecchio, the Ca- 
thedral, Giotto's Campanile, the Baptistry, the Uffizi 
and Pitti Galleries, the Academy, Santa Maria Novella, 
San Marco, Santa Croce, San Miniato, the Ponte Vec- 
chio, etc. There are also numerous pleasant drives, 
generally thronged with promenaders In the afternoon 
and evening; such as the Viale dei Colli, the Cascine and 
the road to Fiesole. 

Florence is a city of hotels, the best situated are 
those on the Lungarno. 

The "Grand" is one of the best, with spacious com- 
fortable rooms overlooking the river; steam-heated and 
well managed. 

The Hotel Italie, though not as expensive as the 
best hotels is, nevertheless, thoroughly first class in every 
way. 

The Bristol, is very home-like, pleasant and well 
frequented. 

The "Grande Bretagne" is another first class hotel 
of the best type and a desirable winter residence. Aside 
from the hotels, there is a number of Pensions in the 
city to suit all purses : the Pension Constantin, Via Monte- 
bello; the Villa Trollope, Piazza Indipendenza are 
among the best. 

A charming excursion can be made to Vallombrosa, 
which is about forty miles to the southeast of Florence 
on the Apennines and is the mountain resort of Italian 
society in the summer time. 

32 




PISA. THE CATHEDRAL, BAPTISTRY AND THE CAMPANILE 



PISA 

And the Marvellous Tower 

T N the Middle Ages Pisa was one of the greatest Re- 
publics of the Mediterranean rivaling with Genoa and 
Venice for prominence. It lost its political and commer- 
cial importance by being conquered by Florence in 1509. 
Everything in Pisa tells of a glorious past and of de- 
parted splendor; its greatness left a stamp for all time 
on the glorious cluster of marble buildings about the 
Duomo. Indeed there are few edifices in the world so 
complete in their effect, so impressive at first sight, and 
of such increasing interest upon longer acquaintance as 
the Cathedral and its Baptistry, the Campo Santo and the 
Leaning Tower. The contrast between the color of the 
buildings and the sky is beautiful. Pisa possesses also 
a mild and healthy climate, and is well adapted for a 
winter residence. The Hotel Victoria and the Nettuno 
are amongst the best in the city. 

VIAREGGIO, is a pleasant winter and summer 
resort by the sea, 14 miles from Pisa, well frequented 
and with comfortable hotels: Grand Hotel Regina. 

33 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



BOLOGNA 

The Remarkable City 

TJOLOGNA is, taking its history, its present day pros- 
perity and its still existing medieval monuments into 
consideration, the most impressive and imposing of all 
the secondary Italian cities. 

The influence of the ecclesiastical power in Bologna 
is displayed in the numerous churches which are dis- 
tinguished not only by important works of art, but also 
by their enormous dimensions. 

The leaning brick towers are the most remarkable 
structures ever erected. 

The streets are in straight lines intersecting at right 
angles. Almost all the houses have arcades so that it is 
possible to walk for miles without being exposed to sun or 
rain. This architecture gives the town a unique appear- 
ance. 

The principal attractions are: San Petronio, San 
Domenico, Santo Stefano, the Academy, etc. 

The Hotel Brun, is one of the most comfortable ho- 
tels in Italy, well managed and replete with every com- 
fort. 

RAVENNA 

ID AVENNA was the ancient capital of the Occidental 
Roman Empire, and here alone one can trace in 
full the long decline of the mighty nation. Ravenna is 
the home of the classic typical Christian architecture, 
here one can note how the classical spirit merges by 
degrees into the barbaric and medieval or rises once more 
into Byzantine formalism. The tomb of the Gothic king 
Theodoric and Galla Placidia and that of Dante; the 
Basilica of St. Apollinare, San Vitale, the Mausoleum 
of Theodoric are almost unique amongst the monuments 
of the world. 

Here the well known Hotel Byron, affords comfort- 
able quarters. 

34 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



PARMA 

TN the Middle Ages Parma was the capital of the 
duchy of the same name. The city has a series 
of beautiful churches, the Cathedral is one of the finest 
Gothic edifices in Italy, and is renowned in the history 
of art through the bright pictures of Correggio. 

SALSOMAGGIORE 

C ALSOMAGGIORE, a pretty town lying in the val- 
^ ley between Piacenza and Parma, famous for its 
strong saline and sulphurous springs, has recently come 
into favor with fashionable society through the establish- 
ment of the Grand Hotel des Thermes, an excellent and 
comfortable hotel under Swiss management. 

FERRARA 

The City of Romance 
/^\F all the romantic Renaissance towns of Italy none 
^ have a more potent attraction than Ferrara. And 
though its interest is entirely of the pasv, when the House 
of Este ruled here, and when its court was the most 
brilliant in Europe, no lover of Italian poetry should 
miss viewing with affection the retreat of an Ariosto, a 
Tasso and many other distinguished personages. 

Here the Hotel Stella d'Oro offers accommodation 
to tourists* 

LUCCA 

The Realm of the Olive Tree 

f\ NLY six miles from Pisa is Lucca one of the most 
^ ancient cities in Tuscany. For some time it was 
the seat of a separate ruler until in 1 848 was annexed 
to Tuscany. The city is still completely girt with her 
old walls and has a series of remarkable churches in 
the Tuscan-Roman style, Here the Hotel Croce di 
Malta affords good accommodations to visitors. 

35 




VENICE. THE DOGE'S PALACE 



VENICE 

The "Queen of the Adriatic" 

HTHE crowning feature of the Italian tour is un- 
doubtedly Venice in the zenith of her glory, mar- 
velously beautiful and majestic, mellowed by years of 
splendor, the last and the greatest of the maritime Re- 
publics of the Mediterranean. 

Founded in the fifth century as a place of refuge 
during the invasions of Italy by Attila, Venice is one of 
the noblest, most famous and singular towns in the 
world. Built upon a number of islets in the lagoon 
on the fringe of the Adriatic Sea, her structures seem 
to rise vision-like as from the stroke of the enchanter's 
wand out of the waves. 

The Piazza di San Marco, surrounded on three 
sides by a continuous row of artistic buildings, is the 
most charming public square imaginable and is the great 
gathering place of all Venice. On the southern end is 
the magnificent Cathedral of San Mark's, with its domes 
and pinnacles, a feast of color, one mass of carved figures 

36 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



and mosaics; filled with Oriental treasures of gold and 
jewels, mosaics, marbles and alabasters of indescribable 
beauty. 

It is pure joy to glide swiftly and noiselessly down 
the Grand Canal bordered with palaces and spanned by 
the Rialto, the single marble arch that stands for the 
center of the ancient city; or wander in and out among 
the quiet streets and narrow water alleys, under mysteri- 
ous little bridges and past mouldering palaces glorious 
reminders of the Golden Age. 

The Grand Hotel, on the Grand Canal, possesses an 
old established reputation, and offers every modern con- 
venience and comfort. It has elegantly appointed rooms 
and apartments with private baths. See Advt. 

The Hotel Royal Danieli, is another first class hotel, 
near the Doges Palace, well patronized by English and 
American Society. 

The Hotel Regina, first class and well managed. 

LIDO is an eminently popular summer resort, cos- 
mopolitan social sets making it a frequent rendezvous 
when bathing, sailing, tennis, skating and many other 
opportunities furnish excuses for social gatherings. 

The Excelsior Palace is one of the most magnifi- 
cent hotels in Europe and every visitor may depend 
upon finding within its walls all that is associated with 
comfort, luxury, refinement and good living. 

PADUA 

And Her Miraculous Saint 

TDADUA, the former capital of ancient Venetia, is 
- monumental at every turn. On its piazzas rise 
the chief civic buildings of medieval times, the Loggia 
del Consiglio, the Palazzo della Ragione, known as 
il "Salone," and the Palazzo del Capitano. The chief 

37 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO iTALY 



attraction of Padua, however, is the Church of St. 
Anthony, "II Santo," whose name is inextricably con- 
nected with that of the city. 

Hotel Fanti Stella d'Oro and Hotel Savoie, both 
good. 

VERONA 

Shakespeare's Stage-Land 

\T ERONA has a romantic and sentimental interest 
beyond that possessed by any of the secondary cities 
of Italy. It has not the great wealth of notable archi- 
tectural splendors of many other places, but what there 
is is superlatively imposing. 

The city is beautifully situated on both sides of the 
Adige and in the valley at the foot of the Alps. From 
the earliest times Verona played an important part in 
history and art. Of the Roman period the great amphi- 
theatre and the gateways remain; while the array of 
medieval buildings testify to the greatness of its past. 
The principal attractions are: the Piazza Erbe, the 
Piazza dei Signori, the Amphitheatre so admirably pre- 
served, the Tombs of the Scaligers, San Zeno, Juliet's 
Tomb, etc. 

Here the Hotel de Londres offers the visitor com- 
fortable quarters. 

MANTUA 

TV /TANTUA shares in full measure the characteristics 
* A of most Italian cities; namely, that its civic 
records are more important than the history of a whole 
country. Mantua was the home of Virgil, who cele- 
brates the place in his Georgics. The city played an im- 
portant part in the storms of the Middle Ages, when the 
Gonzagas obtained its mastery. It then attained im- 
portance in science and art. 

Hotel Aquila d'Oro, good. 

3S 




MILAN 

The Commercial Metropolis 

"VTOT only by its external aspect, but in virtue of its 
intrinsic worth, is Milan one of the most important 
cities of Italy. Milan played a most prominent part in 
the making of Modern Italy. Whatever deeds had to 
be done, whatever sufferings to be endured before the 
nation was united, to Milan fell the lion's share of the 
work- It has been besieged forty-eight times and 
stormed twenty-eight times. But, together with all these 
world like surroundings, arts and* sciences, wealth and 
lcve continued to flourish. Everyone who knows Italy 
will admit that the Italian element is less visible in Milan 
than elsewhere. The life, the whole physiognomy of 
the town has much more of the cosmopolitan air which 
belongs to every large capital. 

The city is grand and luxurious with its broad streets, 
lined with palaces, full of vehicles, and lively without 
being feverish like Paris or London. 

The celebrated Gothic Cathedral, is one of the larg- 
est churches in the world. The interior and exterior is 
adorned with nearly two thousand statues; the Brera 
Gallery contains many famous paintings; the Castello 
Sfo'rzesco has very good modern works of art; Santa 

30 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Maria delle Grazie contains da Vinci's famous "Last 
Supper"; other attractions are the Museo Poldi-Pezzoli, 
Sant'Ambrogio and San Lorenzo. 

The Hotel de la Ville, is one of the best situated 
in the town, being near the Cathedral. The interior 
arrangements of the hotel are quite up-to-date and most 
comfortable from every point of view. 

The Hotel Cavour, facing the public gardens, has 
a quiet situation and is thoroughly first class. 




PAVIA. CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY AND CHURCH 

From Milan a most interesting excursion can be 
made to the Certosa di Pavia, the splendid memorial of 
Milan dynasties built in the fourteenth century by Gian 
Galeazzo Visconti. It is one of the most splendid mon- 
asteries in the world and should on no account be missed. 



40 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



TURIN 

The Cradle of Modern Italy 

r T K URIN to-day is the chief city of Piedmont as bril 
liant and beautiful as any city of modern times. 
It is the old valiant home of the Kings of Sardinia who 
have made Italy free and united; the capital of little 
Piedmont, upon whose energy the mother country staked 
her best hopes; the birthplace of the great statesman, 
Cavour. Perhaps there are very few cities which are at 
once so true to dynastic ties and traditions and so full of 
intense patriotism for the great mother country. 



GENOA 

"La Superba" 

f^ ENOA, the birthplace of Columbus, the leading 
V* commercial city of Italy, lies at the foot of the 
Apennines. Her peculiar situation on the slope of steep 
hills surrounding a bay gives rise to an inevitable pic- 
turesqueness and a never-ending series of views. 
Much of her glory Jias departed. She has lost her 
world-wide power, but she cannot be dethroned from 
the supremacy of her great past. She is, today, as she 
was centuries ago: "La Superba." 

The bay in which the town lies, is a deep jugged 
notch, made by the sea in the rocky shore, from whose 
edge the tall mansions and palaces rise, terrace after ter- 
race, up the steep slope of the mountain which towers 
gigantic behind the town. 

Genoa, is of great interest to the tourists, it is the 
central point of the Italian Rivieras, and is the junction 
of several of the most important lines of communication, 
both as regards sea and land. 

The ancient greatness of the city is indicated by the 
magnificent palaces and churches that adorn the city, 

41 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



famous for their beauty and their vast collections of 
works of art. 

The principal sights are: the Cathedral, the Annun- 
ziata, the Palazzo Rosso, the Palazzo Doria, the famous 
Campo Santo, etc. 

Genoa possesses several good hotels, among others 
the — Grand Hotel Miramare, one of the largest and fin- 
est hotels in Italy. It is magnificently situated on the 
slope of a hill and commands a panorama of great gran- 
deur from almost every one of its rooms. The hotel is 
thoroughly modern and up-to-date in every respect; it 
is sumptuously furnished with handsome Public Rooms 
and Private Suites, and combines the utmost luxury with 
the acme of comfort. (See Advt.) 

The Hotel de Londres is conveniently situated in the 
vicinity of the railway station. The Eden Palace Ho- 
tel, possesses a pretty garden. The Grand Hotel de 
Genes affords comfortable accommodations at moderate 
rates. 



THE ITALIAN RIVIERA 

HTHE district or strip of coast we now speak of as 
"The Riviera," was part of ancient Liguria; and 
Liguria it remains today, the name being retained and 
constantly used as regards the Italian portion at least. 
It is only since 1 860 that Mentone, Roquebrune and 
Nice have belonged to France. Since then, the French 
section of the Riviera is known as "La Cote d'Azur." 

The Italian Riviera, by far the largest portion, is a 
country quite as charming as the other and perhaps better 
known Riviera, La Cote d'Azur. 

There is the same beautiful Mediterranean — deep 
blue, crested with white caps or opalescent in the evening 
glow; there are the same headlands grown with pine and 

42 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



cedars, the same fertile valleys with even quainter vil- 
lages; there are the same delightful walks under olive 
trees and along the craggy cliffs. 

The winter and spring climate, on the eastern sec- 
tion, is even milder, for the Apennines shut off the cold 
north winds and leave the little towns at their bases bask- 
ing in a flood of sunshine. 

The Italian Riviera possesses a charm distinctly and 
individually its own. There is no feverish activity of 
social ambition, no taint of the desire for gambling in the 
air. 

The Italian Riviera is again subdivided by the gulf 
whose central point is the fair city of Genoa; hence the 
names that distinguish the wondrous coasts that lie East 
and West of Genoa, — "Riviera di Levante" and "Ri- 
viera di Ponente." 

Ideal Winter Resorts Along the Sunlit 
Shores of the Mediterranean 

THE RIVIERA DI PONENTE. One hundred 
miles of sea-front stretching from the frontier of France 
to the superbly built city of Genoa, forms the Riviera di 
Ponente. 

BORDIGHERA is a chosen place of residence, 
having a climate quiet and warm in the sunshine. Its 
gardens are most beautiful; palm-trees flourishing in the 
greatest profusion ; the slopes are crowned with vines and 
olives, and from amidst the green peep out ruined castles 
the home of a thousand fantastic legends. 

Since Doctor Antonio's adventure, the town has un- 
dergone a considerable change. Many up-to-date hotels 
have been built for the accommodation of the numerous 
visitors which every year come here to spend the winter 
in comfort and pleasant surroundings, and today the 
stranger is made welcome in emphatic fashion. 

43 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Several attractive excursions can be made from here, 
such as Dolce-Acqua, with its picturesque bridge and 
the ruined medieval castle of the Dorias. 

The Hotel Angst, is one of the largest hotels on the 
Riviera, first class in every respect. 

SAN REMO, is the best known of the resorts on the 
Italian Riviera. It is fashionable, well situated, sheltered 
and amusing, with a delightful sea-front and many attrac- 
tive drives and beautiful surroundings, with many villas, 
where flowers and palms in the gardens are neighbours to 
orange groves, vine-yards and olives. 

The beauty of the place, but particularly the health 
giving climate, determined the establishment of many 
palatial hotels. 

The climate of San Remo is renowned for its mild- 
ness and evenness; and the vegetation luxuriant all along 
the Riviera, here attains a higher point of lavish fertility. 

The Savoy Hotel, beautifully situated in its own 
garden, commands extensive views and is fitted with all 
modern conveniences. 

The Bertolini's, is another magnificent hotel sur- 
rounded by a beautiful garden, steam-heated and very 
comfortable. 

ALASSIO, is perhaps the prettiest place along this 
wonderful coast. Its beach soft as a velvet carpet, nearly 
two miles in length, is one of the finest in Italy. 

The Grand Hotel affords good accommodations and 
is well frequented by English and Americans alike. The 
Salisbury Hotel, a small comfortable house is kept by 
Mr. and Mrs. John Congreve. 

PEGLI, five miles from Genoa, is a pleasant winter 
resort with mild and equable climate. The Hotel Medi- 
terranee, a fine establishment under Swiss management, 
is one of the best on the coast. The hotel stands in its 
own park and is equipped with every modern comfort. 

44 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



THE RIVIERA DI LEVANTE. From Genoa 
to Spezia stretches this wonderful road, to which, per- 
haps, no coast scenery in the world is comparable for 
beauty along the edge of the changing sea. 

NERVI, only seven miles from Genoa, is a health 
resort situated on a steep slope in the midst of a rich 
vegetation. 

RAPALLO, eighteen miles from Genoa, is one of 
the most protected spots on the coast ; in fact, so warm 
even in winter as to be rather enervating. The vegetation 
is quite tropical, camellias and oleanders bloom every- 
where in the open air. There are many excursions that 
may be taken from Rapallo, that will be found pleasing 
and interesting. In the last few years, the town has 
rapidly increased; the beauty of the region, and particu- 
larly the charm of the coast line, has caused the estab- 
lishment of many up-to-date hotels. There is also a 
Casino where concerts are given every day, and fetes 
and dances are organized during the season. 

The New Kursaal Hotel, a large establishment with 
nearly 200 beds, adjoining the Casino and overlooking 
the sea, has been recently opened and is replete with all 
modern improvements well calculated to meet the re- 
quirements of all classes. 

SANTA MARGHERITA, near Rapallo, is an- 
other charming winter resort by the sea, with several 
good hotels, among others: the Regina Elena, and the 
Kursaal. Three miles from Santa Margherita is the de- 
lightful village of Fortofino, a quaint little fishing port 
surrounded by tree-clad hills running to the water's edge. 
Here the Hotel Splendid, once a private villa, affords a 
delightful residence to tourists. 

45 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



THE ITALIAN LAKES 

Their Wonderful Purity 
and Fascination 

HP HE district bordering the northern frontier of Italy 
is one of great natural charm. And a tour through 
Italy is indeed incomplete without a visit to the en- 
chanting Lakes of Como, Maggiore and Lugano. No 
one who has entered Italy by the Simplon or Gothard 
will ever forget the thrill that comes as the train emerges 
from those grim, snow crested mountains, past rushing 
streams, to where luxuriant gardens and fragrant orchards 
flourish down to the fertile valley of Lombardy. 

LAGO MAGGIORE 

r AKE MAGGIORE is the most imposing of all 
Italian lakes. It is 40 miles in length and its 
northern shores touch the rugged mountains of Switzer- 
land and snowy peaks are to be seen rising above the fir 
woods, but below, on the charming shores the air is 
milder and the fertility of the South displays itself in 
unchecked luxuriance. 

The banks are thickly inhabitated with an almost un- 
interrupted succession of little towns, villas and hotels, 
so that one may walk from one village to another almost 
without knowing it. 

STRESA, is the most popular place on Lake Mag- 
giore, its situation affording the most picturesque views 
of the lake. To many traveled people, the prospect of a 
sojourn at Stresa is annually irresistible. 

Although enjoying a temperature several degrees 
lower in summer than other places on the lake, and being 
for that reason marvelously adapted for a summer resi- 
dence, Stresa is essentially a pleasure resort. Owing to 
the increased number of visitors, and the demand for 

46 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



more luxurious accommodations, the well known Hotel 
lies Borromees within the last few years has undergone 
a complete transformation, much to the surprise of its 
older guests — those who visit Stresa season after season. 
Fetes and balls are organized during the season at the 
hotel or in the Casino, and time can not hang heavily 
on the hands of the visitor. There are innumerable in- 
teresting excursions which may be made to points in the 
vicinity, all easy of access, each with its own peculiar 
attractions. 




Stresa's greatest attraction Is the trip to Isola Bella, 
where there is a remarkable Italian garden, perhaps too 
artificial, but most picturesque containing many varieties 
of trees and plants, which owing to the extreme mild- 
ness of the climate flourish on the island. There is also 
a Chateau built by Count Borromeo in 1650, where 
many royalties and nobles have been entertained. 

The ascent to Monte Motterone (4900 ft.) the 
"Rigi of Northern Italy," which rises behind Stresa, is 

47 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



well worth the making. The view from there is very 
extensive and magnificent and is considered to be one of 
the most beautiful in the Alpine region. The ascent is 
made by an electric rack — or cog-wheel railway with 
comfortable carriages especially designed to permit tour- 
ists to enjoy to the full the magnificent scenery which 
develops itself on every side. A well kept hotel — the 
Guglielmina — has been recently opened on the summit, 
affording visitors comfortable quarters. 

Another very charming excursion may be made to the 
lovely Lafye of Orta, which although insignificant in size 
when compared with the other lakes, has the same nat- 
ural beauties and picturesque effects, and may be con- 
sidered the most typically Italian in its scenery and at- 
mosphere. 

BAVENO, five miles from Stresa, is another resort 
on the shores of the lake. Here the Grand Hotel offers 
good accommodation to tourists. 

PALLANZA, like Baveno, is a pleasure resort and 
has a mild and equable climate during the winter and 
spring. There are several hotels, among others may be 
mentioned the Grand. 

LOCARNO, beautifully situated on the northern 
shore of the lake, is a small and quiet place. During 
the winter months, Locarno possesses a mild climate free 
from wind or dust. The Grand Hotel is well managed 
and affords a delightful residence. 

A charming excursion from Locarno, may be made 
to the picturesque church Madonna del Sasso, situated 
on the summit of a hill above the town, from whence a 
fine view of the lake may be obtained. 



48 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



LAGO DI LUGANO 

T^ HE Lake of Lugano lies partly in Italy and partly 
within the Swiss Canton of Ticino, and the charm 
of the landscape is due to this blending of different ele- 
ments that complete each other. The beauty of the 
south is lavished on this lake, although its mountain 
peaks rise bare and jagged. Orange and myrtle, olives 
and vines bloom here in luxuriant richness, but high 
above them, great woods of misty pine-trees dark of 
hue are seen; — a northern forest under an Italian sky. 

LUGANO. The town of Lugano, the most interest- 
ing point on the lake, is the capital of Canton Ticino, but 
\j thoroughly Italian in aspect with its deep arcaded 
streets with here and there a Renaissance facade such as 
can be found nowhere else out of Italy. 

From Lugano excursions may be made to Monte 
San Salvatore and Monte Generoso from whence the 
view embraces the lake and surrounding mountains, in- 
cluding the chain of Alps, the lakes of Como, Varese 
and others, the vast plains of Lombardy and Emilia. 

The chief hotels are : the Grand Hotel Splendide and 
the Grand Hotel. 



49 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



LAGO DI COMO 

^P HE Lake of Como, the Lacus Larius of the Ro- 
mans, is perhaps the most beautiful of the Italian 
Lakes. From the earliest times this lake was the chosen 
resort of intellectual and social life existing within the 
boundaries of the Roman world. Here the beauties of 
Lake Maggiore are reproduced in small but perhaps yet 
more effective scale; here Nature has freely lavished her 
choicest gifts and the traveler finds a delightful series of 
pictures by the alternations of pretty townlets with solitary 
landscape, villas combining classic elegance with rustic 
peace, with always the mountains and Alpine scenery 
in the distance. 

COMO. The town of Como itself is to-day one of 
the most flourishing secondary cities of Northern Italy. 
The whole district around is devoted to the production 
and manufacture of silk. The Cathedral built entirely 
of marble is a splendid Gothic edifice and contains sev- 
eral good paintings. 

The Grand Hotel "Plinius" is the best and most 
comfortable house in the town. 

CERNOBBIO, is one of the most attractive places 
on the lake, and for many years has been well patronized 
by the elite of Europe. 

The Grand Hotel " Villa d'Este" with its park is a 
notable spot and eminently popular. Its situation over- 
looking the lake, renders it a delightful residence not 
only in spring, but also throughout the summer. 

CADENABBIA, situated opposite Bellagio, has 
the advantage of a delightful climate even in winter. 
Here again is a charming and popular hotel — the Belle- 
vue— comfortable and well managed. 

50 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



The great sight of Cadenabbia is the Villa Carlotta, 
which stands surrounded by woods and beautiful gar- 
dens in which lemons, oranges, magnolia, myrtle, cedar, 
eucalyptus and every kind of gorgeous and sweet smell- 
ing plants flourish. Within the villa is a valuable col- 
lection of sculptures, including the group of Cupid and 
Psyche by Canova and the magnificent frieze by Thor- 
waldsen representing the triumphant entry into Babylon 
of Alexander the Great. 

BELLAGIO, is the best known of the resorts on 
Lake Como. The town itself is full of picturesque 
little streets leading in steps up the hill, and is remark- 
able by the beauty of the views across the lake to be 
enjoyed from every side. There are several private 
villas whose gardens are among the best kept in Italy. 
A number of hotels are attractively located on the shores 
of the lake, foremost are — the Hotel Grande Bretagne, 
well known and well frequented; the Grand Hotel Bel- 
lagio, superbly situated; the Hotel des Etrangers very 
comfortable and home-like. 



LAGO DI VARESE 

r T* HE Lake of Varese though one of the smallest of 
the Italian Lakes is nevertheless as charming as the 
others and better known lakes. The town of Varese 
itself most beautifully situated on its shores, is a place 
of Villas, most of which are occupied by wealthy Mil- 
anese. 

There is a well appointed hotel — the Excelsior — 
with a beautiful garden and a splendid view of the chain 
of the Alps. 



51 




ROME. THE FORUM 



CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY OF 
ITALIAN HISTORY 

Italy from the Foundation of Rome 

B. C. 

753 — Foundation of Rome (Mythical period of the Kings). 

747 — The Sabines are incorporated with the Romans. 

510 — Royalty is abolished and Consulship is instituted. 

509-265— Rome is a Republic. 

396 — The Etruscan power begins to decline. 

390 — Invasion of the Gauls. Rome is sacked and burned by 

Brennus. 
356 — Venetia is conquered and made a kingdom by the Gauls. 
326 — Naples is conquered by the Romans. 
295-146 — Rome extends authority over the countries bordering 

the Mediterranean. 
266 — Rome is supreme in Italy. The Etruscans totally lose 

their independence. 
264 — The Carthaginians declare war against the Romans. First 

Punic War. 
234 — Ravenna founded by Greek colonists. Is annexed to Rome. 
218-201— Second Punic War. Hannibal conducts a remarkable 

expedition from Africa to Italy through Spain. 
205 — Spain is regarded as a Roman province. 
168 — Egypt formally acknowledges the suzerainity of Rome. 
146 — Macedonia is made the eighth Roman province. 
146 — Carthage with the north coast becomes a Roman province. 
143-31 — The universal power of Rome is firmly established. 
60— The first triumvirate is formed by Pompey j Caesar and 

Crassus. 

52 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



44, March 15 — Caesar is assassinated. 

31— Battle of Actium. 

31 B. C.-476 A. D.— The Roman Empire. 

31 — Augustus, the first of the emperors, rules the Roman 
world. 

14-37 — Tiberius reigns. Augusta, the empress-mother, shares 
the power with her son. 

37-41 — Caligula reigns. 

41-54 — Claudius reigns. He is ruled by his favorites and wives. 

54-6S — Nero reigns. 

64, July 18 — Rome is burned by Nero, who accuses the Chris- 
tians of the crime. 

64 — First persecution of the Christians. 

64-78 — Rome is rebuilt on a grand scale. Nero erects a magni- 
ficent Golden Palace. 

Ci8 — Galba proclaimed emperor. 

69 — Otho kills Galba and reigns. He is defeated by Vitellius 
and commits suicide. 

60 — Vitellius, elevated by his army, reigns eight months. He 
is defeated by Vespasian and put to death. 

69-79 — Vespasian reigns. He erects the Colosseum. 

79-81 — Titus, son of Vespasian reigns. 

79, August 24 — The first recorded eruption of Vesuvius occurs. 
The cities of Pompeii, Hercnlaneum and Stabise are 
overwhelmed. 

81-96 — Domitian, brother of Titus, reigns. 

96-98 — Nerva reigns by authority of the Senate. 

97-117 — Trajan reigns. The empire is extended to its largest 
limit, and comprises Arabia, Armenia. Asia Minor, 
Britain, Caucasus region in part, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus, 
Cyrenaica, Dacia, Dalmatia, Egypt, Gaul, Greece, Italy. 
Macedonia. Mauretania. Moesia, Noricum, Numidia. 
Pannonia, Rsetia, Sardinia. Sicily, Spain, Syria, Thrace, 
Tunis, Western Germany, 

117 — Hadrian reigns. 

138-161 — Antoninus Pius reigns. 

161-1S0 — Marcus Aurelius reigns. 

180-192 — Commodus reigns. 

193-284 — Period of the Imperators, who are chiefly elevated by 
the soldiers, and also usually killed by them. Corn- 
modus (180-192), Septimius Severus (193-211), Caracalla 
(211-217), Alexander Severus (217-235). Aemilian (235- 
270), Aurelian (270-275), Probus (276-282). 

284-305 — Diocletian reigns. 

306-337 — Constantine the Great, sole ruler after 324. 

312 — Constantine defeats Maxentius near Rome, having the 
sign of the cross on his banner. "In Hoc Signo Vinces." 

395 — The Empire is permanently divided between the two sons 
of Theodosius. 

401 — The West Goths overrun Europe; under Alaric they invade 
Italy. 



53 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



404 — Rome is placed under the Byzantine exarch, or governor, 
with Ravenna the capital of the empire of the West. 

410 — Sack of Rome by Alaric. 

451 — Attila, the scourge of God, invades Northern Italy. 

452 — Venice is founded by families from Aquileia and Padua, 
who flee before Attila. 

475-476 — Romolus Augustus, the last emperor. 

476 — Odoacer rules Italy as king. 

493 — Odoacer is killed by Theodoric. About 1228 years after 
the founding of Rome, the empire falls in consequence 
of domestic revolutions and not by conquest. 

493-555 — The kingdom of the East Goths is founded by Theo- 
doric. 

543— Naples becomes the capital of a duchy. 

555-568 — Byzantine supremacy over Italy. 

568-774 — The Teutonic kingdom of Lombard y with Pavia as 
capital. 

590-604 — Gregory the Great is enthroned, assumes the title of 
Sovereign Pontiff. 

697 — The dogate is instituted at Venice. 

700 — The eastern emperors cease to exercise their authority; 
the popes become the guardians of the city. 

754-756 — The Frankish king Pepin marches into Italy against 
the Lombards and Byzantines. The temporal power 
of the popes begins. 

774— Charlemagne conquers Lombardy and annexes it to the 
dominions of the pope. 

800-1806 — Period of the Holy Roman Empire. It is called holy 
because of the inter-dependence of Church and State. 

800 — Charlemagne is crowned emperor at Rome. 

800-887 — The Carolingians rule Northern Italy. The Eastern 
emperors rule most of Southern Italy. 

S03 — The Republic of Venice is founded, Rialto is the capital. 

S27 — The Saracens invade Sicily and take Southern Italy. 

■SS7— End of the Carol! ngian Empire. 

890 — The Greeks gain a footing in Southern Italy. 

910 — Theodora and Marozia are in power at Rome. 

962— The Imperial oftice is renewed. Otho I. the Great is 
crowned emperor at Rome. He re-establishes the sec- 
ond Roman Empire. 

997 — Venice becomes independent of the Eastern empire. 

999 — The papal crown is the object of almost constant conten- 
tion ; force, bribery and fraud are employed to gain it. 

1000— A widespread belief prevails that the end of the world 
is near and that the kingdom of Christ is to be ush- 
ered in with great glory ; many pilgrims visit Rome. 

1000 — Genoa becomes a free city ; Pisa is already free. 

1016— Adventurous Normans first settle at Aversa, near Naples. 

1032 — The Dukes of Savoy acquire Turin. 

1037— Decree of Conrad II of Franconia. Heribert Archbishop 
of Milan. 

54 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



1040 — The emperors receive the right to nominate the popes. 

1054 — The Normans wrest Apulia and Calabria from the pope 
and form a duchy. 

1059 — A conclave of cardinals first elects a pope. 

1061 — The papacy is at the summit of its glory. 

1071-90 — Roger I, the Norman, is Count of Sicily and Calabria. 

1073-S5 — Pope Gregory VI I struggles for supremacy with the 
German king. The investiture dispute. 

1077 — Henry IV at the Castle of Canossa. 

10S5 — The Normans are supreme in all Southern Italy. 

1096-99— First Crusades. 

1101 — Milan becomes an independent republic. 

1120 — The free cities of Genoa, Venice and Pisa rise to im- 
portance. 

1122— The Concordat of Worms. 

1130 — Naples becomes the capital of the kingdom of Naples and 

the Two Sicilies. 
1140 — The Guelphs and Ghibellines arise in Germany, later in 

Italy. 
1143-55 — Arnold of Brescia attempts a revolution. 
1155 — Frederick II (Barbarossa) is crowned emperor. 
1167 — The Lombard League. 
1176 — Battle of Legnano. 
1183— Peace of Constance. 
1190-97 — Henry VI. Annexation of Apulia and Sicily. End of 

the Norman kingdom of Sicily. 
1204 — Venice becomes one of the greatest commercial powers. 
1212-50 — Frederick II emperor. 
1246— Defeat of the Genoese off Meloria. 
1250-54 — Conrad IV emperor. 
1250-54 — Conrad IV emperor. Defeat of Florentine Guelphs at 

Monteaperto. 
1260 — Italy is ruled by despots. 
1266-1442 — The Angevin dynasty at Naples. 
1268 — Battle of Tagliacozzo. The Hohenstaufen in Italy are 

overthrown. Conradin is beheaded at Naples. 
1282— Sicilian Vespers. 
1284— Defeat of the Pisans off Meloria. 
1294 — Supremacy of the Visconti at Milan. 
1300 — Revival of Arts and Literature. 
1305 — Clement V leaves Rome for Avignon, which becomes the 

official # seat of the Holy See. 
1310— Henry VII in Italy. 

1316 — Castruccio-Castracane becomes master of Lucca and Pisa. 
1312-29 — Can Grande della Scala rules Verona. 
1328 — Coronation of Lewes of Bavaria. Death of Castruccio- 
Castracane. 
1328-1708 — Mantua is ruled by the Gonzagas family. 
1333 — John of Bohemia leaves Italy. 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALV 



1339 — The Condottieri appear ; they are bands of soldiers ready 
to serve those who pay the most. 

1343— Duke of Athens at Florence. 

1343 — Florence ruled by an oligarchy of rich mercantile families. 

1343 — Accession of Johanna I of Naples. 

1347— Cola di Rienzi. 

1377 — Return to Rome of Gregory XI. The pope first resides at 
the Vatican. 

1377— The Medici family at Florence rise to power. 

1378 — Mob rule at Florence, followed by the reign of the patri- 
cian Albizzi. 

1378 — The Great Schism begins. The War of Chioggia begins. 

1387 — Gian Galeazzo Visconti captures Verona. 

1406 — Pisa becomes subject to Florence. 

1413 — Rome is sacked by Ladislas, King of Naples. 

1415 — Council of Constance. End of the Great Schism. 

1416 — Sigismund erects Savoy into a duchy, Count Amadeus 
III is made duke. 

1421 — Venice is at the height of its power. 

1431 — Eugene IV, pope. 

1434 — The Medici family becomes paramount in Florence. 

1442 — Naples is ruled by the House of Aragon. 

1447 — Nicholas V, pope. He commences a new St. Peter's. 

1450-1535 — The Sforzas reign at Milan. 

1455 — Calixtus III (Borgia) pope. 

1458— Pius II pope. 

1464— Paul II pope. 

1471— The Este family become dukes of Ferrara. 

1471 — Sixtus IV (Delal Rovere) pope. 

1478 — Conspiracy of the Pazzi. 

1484— Innocent VIII (Cibo) pope. 

1492— Charles VIII enters Italy. Flight of Pietro de' Medici. 

1492 — Alexander VI (Borgia) pope. 

1492 — Christopher Columbus, a Genoese, discovers America. 

1492 — The period of invasion begins. 

1494 — Girolamo Savonarola leads the Reformation in Italy. 

1497— Venice declines after the discovery of the passage to India 
following the discovery of America. 

1498— Savonarola is put to death. 

1499 — Amerigo Vespucci makes discoveries in America. 

X500 — Lewes XII conquers the Duchy of Milan. 

1503— Pius III pope. Julius II pope. 

1504 — Spanish conquest of Naples. 

1501— Caesar Borgia made Duke of Romagna. 

1509— War of the League of Cambray. 

1511— Julius II forms the Holy League. 

1511— Martin Luther visits the Vatican. 

1512— The Medici return to Florence. 

1512— Battle of Ravenna. 

1513— Leo X (Medici) pope. 

1515— Battle of Marignano. 



56 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



1521-2G— Wars in Italy between Charles V and Francis I. 
1525— Francis I taken prisoner at Pavia. Charles V master of 

Lombardy. 
.1527— Expulsion of the Medici at Florence. Sack of Rome by 

the troops of Charles of Bourbon, who fell in the attach 
1530 — Charles V crowned emperor at Bologna. 
1530 — Florence taken by the Imperial troops. 
1534 — Paul III (Farnese) pope. 
1535 — Milan under Spanish rule. 

1540 — The Society of Jesus formed by Ignatius of Loyola. 
1555 — Fall of Siena. 
1559 — Peace of Cateau-Cambresis. 
1571— Battle of Lepanto. 
1572 — Gregory XIII (Boncompagni) pope. 
1574 — Complete restoration of the Duke Emanuel Filibert. 
1582 — Institution of the Gregorian calendar. Ten days are 

dropped out of 1582. Oct. 5 becomes Oct. 15. 
1585 — Sixtus V abolishes all persecuting statutes against the 

Jews which were issued by his predecessors. 
1601— The Treaty of Lyons. 

1626 — The Basilica of St. Peter's is consecrated. 
1647 — Insurrection in Naples under Masaniello. 
1674 — Insurrection in Messina. 
1684 — Morosini conquers Peloponnesus. 
1684 — Bombardment of Genoa by Lewis XIV. 
1700 — End of the Austrian kings of Spain. 
1706— Battle of Turin. 

1707-48 — The Austrians possess Sicily and Naples. 
1713 — Peace of Utrecht. Austrian power in Italy. 
1713 — Sicily ceded to Savoy. 

1714 — Milan, Naples and Sardinia are ceded to Austria. 
1720 — Victor Amadeus of Savoy exchanges Sicily for Sardinia 

and receives the title of king. 
1737 — End of the Medici^ Tuscany under Austrian supremacy. 
1738 — Treaty of Vienna. Spanish Bourbons in the Two Sicilies. 
1740 — The War of Austrian succession. 
1746— The Revolt of Genoa. 
1748— The Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. 
1748-60 — Naples under the Bourbons. 
1773 — Abolition of the Society of Jesus. 
1790-1801— Ferdinand III Grand Duke of Tuscany. 
1796-97 — Bonaparte's victorious campaigns in Italy. Treaty of 

Campoformio. Cisalpine and Ligurian Republic. 
1796-1802— Emanuel IV, King of Sardinia. 
1797-1805 — Venice under Austrian rule. 
1799 — The French establish the Parthenopean Republic, 
1800— Victory of Bonaparte at Marengo. 
1800— Pius VII (Chiaramonti) pope. 

1801, Feb. — Tuscany is made a republic. 

1802, Jan. — The Italian Republic is formed. 
1802— Victor Emanuel I is King of Sardinia. 

57 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



1802-1814— The Kingdom of Italy constituted. 

1805 — The Cisalpine Republic is merged into the Kingdom of 

Italy. Napoleon I is proclaimed King. 
1805 — Genoa is incorporated with France. Napoleon makes 

Eugene Beauharnais his Viceroy in Italy. 
1806, Feb. — Bonaparte is crowned King of Naples. 
1808 — Rome annexed to France. 
1810-14 — The States of the Church are annexed to France. 

Abolition of the temporal power of the popes. 
1814, Jan.— Murat king of Naples. 
1S14, Jan. 23. — The Italian Kingdom ceases with the overthrow 

of Napoleon. Authority is restored to the pope. 
1S14-24 — Ferdinand III regains the grand ducal throne of 

Tuscany. 
1814 — Lombardy and Venice re-acquired by Austria. 
1815— The Congress of Vienna. 

1815 — Genoa annexed to the kingdom of Sardinia. 
1816 — Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies. 
1S20 — Insurrection in Naples. 
1821-31— Charles Felix is King of Sardinia. 
1821 — Insurrection in the Kingdom of Sardinia. 
1824— Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany. 
1831-49— Charles Albert, King of Sardinia. 
1831 — Insurrection in Central Italy. 
1832 — Mazzini founds the "Young Italy Party" having for its 

object the unification of all Italy under republican rule. 
1834— The Bandiera attempt. 

1837 — The King of Sardinia promulgates a new code. 
1846 — Pius IX pope. He institutes political reform and aims 

at the unification of Italy under papal supremacy. 
1848 — First War of Independence. 

1848, March. — Anti-Austrian insurrections break out in Lom- 
bardy and Venice. Milan revolts. The Republic of 

Venice is proclaimed. 

1848, June. — Lornbardy incorporated with Sardinia. 

1548, Nov. — A republican insurrection breaks out in Rome. The 

pope escapes in disguise. A free constitution is pro- 
claimed. A provisional government is formed notwith- 
standing the protests of the pope. 
1849— Battle of Novara. 

1849, Feb. — The downfall of the temporal power and the estab- 

lishment of {he new republic is proclaimed. Insurrec- 
tionists proclaim a republic in Florence. The Grand 
Duke escapes. 

1849, March. — Charles Albert abdicates in favor of his son, 
Victor Emanuel II, King of Sardinia. 

1849, July. — Rome restored to Pius IX by the French. 

1549, Aug.— The Lombard-Venetian kingdom is again subject to 

Austria. 
1850— The Siccardi Law. Sardinia adopts a law abolishing ec- 
clesiastical jurisdiction. 



58 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



1852 — Count Cavour becomes prime minister of Sardinia. 

1S55— The Crimean War. 

1S55 — Sardinia passes a bill for the suppression of convents and 
withdrawing state support from the clergy. 

1857 — Rupture between Austria and Sardinia. War follows. 

1857, May. — Francis II King of the Two Sicilies. 

1857. July. — Ferdinand IV becomes Grand Duke of Tuscany. 

The states of Tuscany, Modena, Parma and the papal 
state of Romagna implore Victor Emanuel II to annex 
them to his kingdom. Opposed by the pope. 

1859 — Napoleon III and Victor Emanuel join forces against 
Austria. Victories of Magenta and Solferino. Freedom 
of Lombardy. 

I860 — Nice and Savoy annexed to France. 

1860 — Garibaldi delivers Sicily and Naples. 

1S62 — Defeat of Garibaldi at Aspromonte. 

1801, Feb.— The first Italian Parliament meets. With the con- 
sent of the new Parliament Victor Emanuel takes the 
title of King of Italy. 

1801, March. — Europe recognizes the kingdom of Italy. 

1861, Dec. — Florence is decreed to be the capital of Italy. 

1864 — The September Convention. • 

lSGB-^War against Austria. Venice incorporated with Italy. 

1866, July. — A bill to suppress monasteries and confiscate cer- 
tain church properties is passed. 

1807— The Montana affair. 

1870, July.— The Vatican Council. The infallibility of the Pope 
is promulgated as a doctrine of the Church. 

1870, Sept.— The King of Italy offers the Holy See the sover- 
eignty of the Leonine City with the retention of his 
income. The pope refuses. 

1870, Sept. 20. — Italian troops enter Rome. 

1870, Oct. 2.— Plebiscite __of the Papal States; 133,681 votes for 
union with Italy ; 1,507 against it. 

1870, Oct. 9. — United Italy is accomplished. Rome and its 
territory are united to the kingdom. 

1870, Dec. 5. — Rome is declared the capital city. 

1878 — Death of Victor Emanuel. Humbert I proclaimed king'. 

1878— Leo XIII (Pecci) pope. 

18SS — Capital, punishment is abolished in Italy. 

1900, July 29. — Assassination of King Humbert I. He is suc- 
ceeded by his son, Victor Emanuel III. 

1903, July 20,— D*eath of Leo XIII. Pius elected Pope, 



59 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



GENERAL INFORMATION 

HOW TO REACH ITALY. The facilities for reaching Italy 
are simple and delightful. One can land direct by transatlantic 
steamer at Naples or Genoa or one can travel by the North 
Atlantic route on one of the ocean fliers. The sreat Continental 
expresses connecting Italy with the European capitals offer the 
maximum of comfort and convenience. 

The Italian State Railways provide the most comfortable and 
economical opportunities to tourists by a system of 15, 30, or 
60 days' circular tickets entitling to travel over the entire 
Peninsula; also reduced tickets — Differential Tariff — for long 
distance journeys. 

CLIMATE. The climate of Italy has long been world famous. 
Broadly speaking, the distinguishing features are its abundant 
sunshine in winter (owing to low latitude), and refreshing 
mountain and sea-breezes in summer. 

The Apennines, a range of mountains traversing Italy in its 
entire length, have a great influence on the climate, as they 
keep off the north-east winds from the parts of the country 
lying to the west. From, this result the facts that southern 
plants and flowers are enabled to winter in the open air, and 
the use of these regions — the Italian Riviera and the Naples 
Riviera as winter resorts. Thus, as a winter residence Italy 
hardly needs heralding. Within recent years the world has 
recognized the fact that its climate is delightful even in sum- 
mer, and nowadays, Italy has become an all-the-year-round 
rendezvous for thousands who seek amusement and knowledge 
combined with beautiful surroundings and a delightful climate. 

HOW TO CARRY MONEY. American money may be used 
on all ships for fees and petty expenses ; small sums of money 
may also be exchanged by the purser into currency of the 
country where one is to land. However, the most convenient 
and safe method for carrying funds, is in the form of Travel- 
ler's Checks, which are issued in denominations of $10, $20, $50, 
$100 and $500. Each check shows on its face the exact amounts 
which will be paid in foreign money in the different countries 
of Europe. These checks are payable all over the world ; not 
only banks, but tourist offices, railroads, steamship companies, 
hotels and merchants accept them at face value. Traveller's 
Checks are issued by several banking houses, amongst others 
may be mentioned: the Bankers' Trust Company, 7 Wall St.; 
The International Mercantile Marine Company, 9 Broadway; 
Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kuehne, 13 William Street, all in 
New York City. 

COURIERS AND GUIDES are often of the greatest service. 
Much time and anxiety is saved by having some one who 
knows where to go and what to see. 

60 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Outline Tours 

Visitors who have only a short time at their disposal may 
find assistance as to the best way of using it in the following- 
outline tour which, of course, may be altered and modified to 
any extent to suit individual requirements. 

Day 

1. Arrival at Naples. 

2. A. M. Visit the National Museum. P. M. Drive about the 

town : Via Caracciolo, Posilipo, San Martino, etc. 
0. Excursion to the Phlegrean Plains : Pozzuoli, Baia, etc. 

4. Excursion in the vicinity. Travel to Pompeii, thence by 

carriage to Sorrento. 

5. Day trip to Capri. 

6. Drive to Positano for lunch, thence on to Amalfi. 

7. Drive to Ravello for lunch, thence to Cava. 
S. By train to Pestum and return to Naples. 
9. Travel to Rome. 

10. A. M. St. Peter's. P. M. The Capitoline Hill, the Pincio 

Gardens, etc. 

11. A. M. Visit the Vatican. P. M. Palatine. Drive to the 

Janiculum. 

12. A. M. The Forum, the Colosseum, St. John in Lateran, 

Holy Steps, etc. P. M. Castle Sant' Angelo, Villa 
Borghese, etc. 

13. A. M. The National Museum, Santa Maria Maggiore, San 

Pietro in Vincoli, etc. P. M. (By motor) San Paolo, 
The Catacombs, Appian Way, etc. 

14. Excursion to Tivoli and Hadrian's Villa. 

15. Travel to Orvieto. 

16. Travel to Perugia. 

17. Excursion by carriage to Assisi. 

18. Travel to Florence. 

19. A. M. Piazza Signoria, Ufflzi Gallery. P. M. Drive to San 

Miniato. 

20. A. M. The Cathedral, Pitti Palace. P. M. Drive to Fiesole. 

21. A. M. Santa Maria Novella, San Marco, Academy. P. M. 

Santa Croce, San Lo. 

22. By morning train to Pisa. Proceeding in the afternoon to 

Siena. 

23. A. M. Visit the Cathedral, Palazzo Publico, etc., and returu 

to Florence. 

24. Travel to Bologna. 

25. Excursion to Ravenna. 

26. Travel to Venice, visiting Padua en route. 

27. A. M. St. Mark's. P. M. The Academy and gondola ride. 

28. A. M. Doge's Palace. P. M. Visit (by permission) some 

private palace. 

29. Churches of San Giovanni and Paolo, Frari, etc., Excursion 

to Lido. 

61 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



30. Travel to Milan, visiting Verona en route. 

31. Visit the Cathedral, the Brera Gallery, Castello Sforzeseo, 

etc. 

32. Excursion to Pavia. 

33. (If in winter) Travel to Genoa. 

34. Visit the various churches and the Campo Santo. 

35. Excursion along the Eastern Riviera to Portofino. 
30. Travel to San Itemo, the famous winter resort. 

One Week in Sieily. 
Day 

1. From Naples by boat to Palermo. 

2. At Palermo. Visit the Cathedral, La Martorana, Monreale, 

etc. 

3. Travel to Girgenti. 

4. Travel to Syracuse. 

5. Travel to Taormina. 

6. At Taormina. Visit the Greek Theatre, Excursion to Mola, 

etc. 

7. By morning train to Messina. By night train or boat to 

Naples. 

Telegraph and Wireless Code 

Used by all Hotels Mentioned 
in this Handbook 

Code Word. 

Arrive by Steamship (use name of steamer) 

Reserve Sitting Room, Bedroom and Bath for SUITE 

Reserve Sitting Room, 2 Bedrooms and Bath for TRISUITE 

Reserve Sitting Room, 3 Bedrooms, 4 Beds and Bath 

for FOURSUITE 

Reserve Good Double Bedroom and bath for BATADOUBLE 

Reserve Good Room with Two Beds and Bath for. . .BATADUO 
Reserve Room with Two Beds and Bath, Moderate 

Price BATADUOMOD 

Reserve Room with Two Beds for TWO 

Reserve Good Single Room and Bath BATAUNO 

Reserve Single Room for HERMITAGE 

Reserve Two Rooms with 3 Beds and Bath for BATATRl 

Reserve Three Rooms with 4 Beds and Bath BATAPOUR 

Reserve Room for Servant SERVANT 

Cannot Arrive Until Please Keep Room for ARRIVE 

Shall not require rooms ordered CANCEL 

Send on any letters and telegrams until further 

notice to ADDRESS 

Length of Stay. 

One Night PASS 

Several Days STOP 

(\> 






Motoring in Italy 



ITALY is the most romantic touring ground in the world and 
the pleasures of a visit to it can be greatly increased by the 
use of a motor car. The whole country is a vast kinetoscope 
of heterogeneous sights and scenes and memories and traditions 
as exist on no other part of the earth's surface. The automo- 
bile traveller learns something of a beloved land and the life 
of the people that the hurried tourist will never suspect. The 
real Italy, the old Italy is still there, but it cannot always be 
discovered from the window of a railway carriage, though it 
is often brought into better view from the seat of an auto- 
mobile. 

Each succeeding year, there is a greater number of Ameri- 
can motorists who find an ever-increasing fascination in the 
exploitation of this picturesque country, and though some of 
its by-ways are not equal in surface of the "good roads" of 
France, they are considerably better than the automobilist from 
the new world is used to at home. 

The highroads in Central and Northern Italy, however, are 
quite good, well graded and well shaded. Moreover, instead of 
the straight-flat-monotonous "good roads," the motorist in 
Italy will find a constant change of beautiful scenery at every 
turn, and a wealth of picturesqueness that make up a trip of 
great enjoyment. 

The Touring Club of Italy is looking out for motoring in- 
terests, including the preservation of roads, the setting up of 
signs and issuance of road-maps. Travellers will do well to 
join the Club; the fee is only $1.40 and membership insures a 
great many privileges which the motorist would not otherwise 
enjoy. 

The Italian authorities (as in all other Continental coun- 
tries), require that a certain amount of money, $50 to $120, be 
deposited as duty and as a guarantee that the car will be again 
taken out of the country. The paper representing this deposit 



Mr. G. Fattorusso, the American representative of the Italian Travel 
Association, has motored over 15,000 miles of roads in Continental 
Europe and England. He will gladly furnish information in regard to 
motoring abroad and give readers of this guide the benefit of his ex- 
perience. 

63 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



— virtually a license, is called a Triptych and it may be ob- 
tained through the A. C. A. or any other club. 

A license for the car and a driver's license are necessary, 
but those issued by foreign countries are accepted. 

The motorist will find good accommodation even in the 
smallest towns. Most of the hotels, especially in the latter 
(owns, have private garages, for the use of which, often no 
charge is made. Many of the garages of the larger towns are 
very fine — with concrete, fireproof compartments into which 
cars may be stored and locked up. The charge for such ac- 
commodation averages about seventy-five cents per day. 

The renting of cars for touring in Europe has reached 
such proportions that they can be obtained in most cities, and 
the cost would probably be less than taking your own car and 
chauffeur from America ; but there is a satisfaction and inde- 
pendence in having your own car, apart from not being limited 
to time or the distance of your day's run. 

In Italy, cars may be rented for about $lS-$30 per day, 
including the chauffeur and all expenses, except the chauffeur's 
hotel bills, and extra for any excess over sixty-five miles per 
day. 




-=^feSg^ v^^ -> 



c-t 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Ask the man 




who owns one 



THE Packard is the prevailing car 
at every touring center because it 
is a being of fibre and sinew. To such 
qualities has been added the unusual 
touch of elegance that gives the 
Packard its distinction in the motor 
car parade. 



' According to the reg- 
istrations published in 
the Paris edition of the 
New York Herald, 53 
per cent of all the cars 
driven by American 
tourists in Europe, from 
April 1 to July 1, were 
Packards and there 
were over three times as 
many Packards as cars 
of any other make. 



Since 1907 the management of 
the Hotel Elton (Waterbury 
Conn.) has kept a register for the 
use of touring automobilists. Every 
tourist is registered who has stop- 
ped there in the last four years. 
It is interesting to note that the 
three leading cars represented have 
stood in the same ratio for the last 
four years. 

— New York Herald 



The registrations at the Elton, 
as published in the New York 
Herald, show that among sixty-six 
makers 14 per cent of all cars were 
Packards and that there were near- 
ly twice as many Packards as cars 
of any other make. 



Packard Motor Car Company 

Detroit, Michigan 

PARIS SERVICE DEPOT, 177 Boulevard Pereire 

65 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



THE TOWN & COUNTRY 
HOTEL AND TRAVEL BUREAU 

389 FIFTH AVENUE - Cor. 36th Street 
NEW YORK 

The better class Americans find the TOWN & 
COUNTRY HOTEL AND TRAVEL BUREAU 
of valuable assistance in securing full informa- 
tion, tariffs and booklets concerning the leading 
European Hotels. 

The intending tourist is afforded every imagin- 
able facility at our splendidly equipped Bureau 
situated on Fifth Avenue, in the heart of the 
fashionable hotel and shopping district. 

389 Fifth Ave., New York 

Telephone 3626 Madison 

Conducted by TOWN & COUNTRY 

the leading fashionable weekly. 

Automobile Tours in Europe 

HODGMAN'S Two Annual de Luxe Auto Tours 

SIXTH SEASON— 1912 

40 Days — Italy and French Riviera — March 

60 Days — Gr. Britain and Continent — July 

(Latter may be taken separately, 25 days Gr. Britain, 35 days Con't) 




"A Million Miles thru 
Europe by Automobile 
ivith over 600 thorough- 
ly satisfied patrons of 
Hodgman 's. ' ' See testi- 
monials. 

Rates, Itineraries and 
Testimonials upon re- 
quest. 

Hodgman's Auto Tours 

care Town & Country 

389 Fifth Ave. 

New York 



66 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Staltan ^>tate 3&atitoaps» 

(FERROVIE DELLO STATO) 

Illustrated Descriptive Advertising 

Matter will be Sent Free of 

Charge on Application 

General Agency for A \merica 

281 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 



Jflabemoteelle Jacqueline 

20 EAST 46th STREET 

Opposite Ritz-Carlton NEW YORK 

Smporter 

The most exclusive French house in New York 

totems GTatloreb limits J'urs 

jHotrelea <£xclu*ife 

ORDERS TAKEN BY MAIL AND 
EXECUTED BY MEASUREMENTS 

P. GALLONE The Spring in Europe 

AU BON MARCHE 



Corso Duomo 3 
SORRENTO 



. A small and high-class 
party, under desirable guid- 
ance, will sail March 28th for 
Silk Manufactory of the Country a three months' tour of Eu- 
Shawls, Scarfs, Stockings and rope. Special attention paid 

Silk Stuffs a Specialty t0 young girls who desire the 

Dresses Blouses and Petticoats advantage of European travel 
made in 24 hours . _ ? _ . , . , 

Large and Splendid Choice f fter fin ' shln g scho0 » or co1 " 

of Tortoise-shell Work and Corals 

ENGLISH SPOKEN 



lege. 

G. RICHARDS 



THE HOUSE HAS NO OTHER 

BRANCHES IN ITALY j 177 Steuben St., Brooklyn 

67 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Italian State Railways 



Condensed Time Tables 



Naples - Rome 
156 miles Fares: I Class Lire 30.65; II Class Lire 21.35 



10.00 a. m. I 1.40 p. m. I dep. Naples arr. | 2.55 p. m. ; 6.25 p. m. I 10.55 p. m 
2.25 p. m. j_5.40 p. m. ! arr. Rome dep. 1 10.45 a. m. 1.35 p.m.! 6.00 p. m 



Naples - Pompeii - Cava - Vietri - Salerno 




Naples - Messina - Taorinina - Palermo 



Fares to Taormina. 
Fares to Palermo 



I Class, Lire 54.30; II Class, Lire 36.40 
I Class, Lire 66.25; II Class, Lire 43.65 



7.20 p. m. 


dep. Naples arr. 


7.30 a. m. 


7.53 a. m. 


» Villa S. Giovanni 


7.00 p. m. 


8.48 " 


Messina 


6.05 " 


10.38 " 


Taormina 


4.20 " 


3.15 p. m. 


Palermo 


12.00 m. 



Naples - Castelainare - Sorrento 

Trains run between Naples and Castellamare every 
hour, in connection with electric cars between Castella- 
mare and Sorrento. 



Steamer Services between 
Naples and Sicily 

Steamers leave Naples Daily at 7 P. M. for Palermo 
and Messina. 



68 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



GRAND HOTEL VESUVE 

Naples 

Situated along the sea-front, it occupies one of the 
finest situations affording magnificent views of the bay 
and Mt. Vesuvius. 

Spacious Public Rooms Palm Garden 

Parisian Restaurant Table d'Hote American Bar 

Steam heat in every room. Special 
terms for extended visit. 

Branch House: For terms, reservation of rooms, 

Grand 'Hotel Victoria etc., apply to the Manager or 

Sorrento 389 Fifth Ave., New York. 

NAPLES Santa Lucia Hotel 



NAPLES 



Savoy Hotel 

FIRST - CLASS HOTEL 
with Renowned Restaurant 

Terrace A first-class House with 

Best panorama in the city. Open i splendid view, and every 
all the year round. Many bath- : modem comfort 
rooms communicating with suites ' 
of apartments and single bed- 
rooms. No charge for baths, light, 
heating or attendance. 



Lawn tennis - Skating Rink Within 

House is under New Management 

A. CORBELLA, Manager 



Considered as their home 
by great many Americans. 



Pietro Campione & Co. 



PERUGIA 
PALACE HOTEL 

Opened 1903 
The Newest and Most Modern Hotel 

Full South Exposure 

Post and Telegraph Offices in the Hotel 

Special Electric Car at the Station 

Garage 

G. GAGLIARDI, Prop. 
69 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Rome - Orvieto - Florence 

198 miles. Fares I Class Lire 38; II Class Lire 26.35 






9,00 a. m. 
10.58 " 
2.33 p. m. 



2.40 p. m. 

2.41 " 
8.40 " 



dep. Rome arr. 

Orvieto 

arr. Florencedep . 



1.10 p. m. 
11.10 a. m. 
7.00 " 



6.50 p. m. 10.50 p. m. 
4.57 " I 8.49 " 
1.20 " I 5.10 " 



Rome - Assisi - Perugia - Florence 



8.25 a. m. 




dep. Rome arr. 




2.35 p. m 


12.21 p. m. 




Assisi 




9.15 a. m. 


12.57 " 


10.52 a. m. 


Perugia 


5.20 p. m. 


9.00 " 




2.33 p. m. 


arr. Florence dep. 


1.20 " 





Rome - Orvieto - Siena - Florence 



9.00 a. m. 




dep. Rome arr. 




6.50 p. m. 


10.58 " 




Orvieto 




4.56 " 


3.13 p.m. 


3.20 p. m. 


Siena 


11.50 p. m. 


2.00 " 




5.20 " 


arr. Florence dep. 


9.45 a. m. 





Rome - Pisa - Genoa 

313 miles. Fares: I Class Lire 53.90; II Class Lire 36.15 



8.35 a. m. 


9.00 p. m. 


dep. Rome arr. 


7.15 p. m. 


11.50 p.m. 


2.40 p. m. 


2.54 a. m. 


Pisa 


1.25 " 


5.32 " 


5.52 " 


5.57 " 


Rapallo 




1.58 " 


6.50 " 


6.45 " 


arr. Genoa dep. 


9.37 a. m. 


1.00 a. m. 



Florence - Bologna - Venice 

180 miles. Fares: I Class Lire 35.40; II Class Lire 24.60 



6.20 a. m. 


2.45 p. m. 


dep. Florence^arr. 


4.55 p. m. 


11.22 p. m. 


10.25 " 


6.35 " 


Bologna 


1.45 " 


7.45 " 


11.19 " 


7.22 " 


Ferrara 


12.20 " 


5.15 " 


1.11p.m. 


8.58 " 


Padua 


10.45 a. m. 


3.22 " 


1.50 " 


9.35 " 


arr. Venice dep. 


10.00 " 


2.35 " 



Florence - Bologna - Milan 

219 miles. Fares: I Class Lire 41.10; II Class Lire 28.45 



10.38 a. m. 
2.35 p. m. 
4.18 " 
6.55 " 



2.45 p. m. 
6.15 " 
7.42 " 
9.45 " 



dep. Florence arr. 

Bologna 

Parma 

arr. M ilan dep. 



4.55 p. m. 

1.45 " 
12.08 " 
10.00 a. m. 



11.22 p. m. 
7.45 " 
5.38 "' 
3.30 "■ 



70 




ROME 



The Bristol Hotel 

[Barberini Square] 

The most ideal, elevated and central 
quarter of the Eternal City. Every 
luxury and modern comfort. 

For tariffs, reservation of rooms, etc., 
apply to 

J. GIOMETTI, Manager 

or 389 Fifth Ave., New York 



ROME 



PALACE HOTEL 



HOTEL BEAU-SITE 



Highest Comfort, Incomparable 
position. Opposite Queen Mar- 
gherita's Palace. 

Single rooms from 5 Lire. 

Double rooms from 9 Lire. 

Private Bath 6 Lire. 

Salons from 20 Lire. 

Special arrangements for a long- 
er stay. 

E. HAASE, Proprietor 

71 



First Class Family Hotel, Oppo- 
site the Garden of the Villa Aurora 

Residence of the ex-president 
Th. Roosevelt on his last visit to 
Rome. 

Single rooms from 4 Lire. 

Double rooms from 7 Lire. 

Salons from 12 Lire. 

Private Bath, 5 Lire. 

Full Pension from 12 Lire. 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Florence - Pisa - Genoa 

153 miles. Fares: I Class Lire 30.25; II Class Lire 21.05 



9.00 a. m. 


12.25 p. m. 


dep. Florence arr. 


3.18 p. m. 


7.49 p. m. 


9.55 " 


1.12 " 


Empoli 


2.35 "■ 


7.05 " 


11.10 " 


2.40 " 


Pisa 


1.35 " 


5.52 " ■? 


2.31 p. m. 


5.52 " » 


Rapallo 




3.58 " 


3.30 " 


6.50 " » 


arr. Genoa dep. 


9.37 a. m. 


1.00 " 



Venice - Padua - Verona - Milan 

165 miles. Fares: I Class Lire 32.30; II Glass Lire 22.45 



8.00 a. m. 


9.25 a. m. 


2.00 p. m. 


dep. Venice arr. \ 2.15 p. m. 


6.45 p. m. 


8.39 " 


10.12 " 


2.51 " 


Padua i 1.38 " 


6.02 " 


10.00 " 


12.03 p. m. 


4.33 " 


Verona 12.20 " 


! 4.20 " 


12.25 p. m. 


3.05 " 


7.20 ': 


arr. Milan dep. 1 9.45 a. m. 


1 1.15 " 



Milan - Turin 

95 miles. Fares: I Class Lire 19.35: II Class Lire 13.60 



9.37 a. m. 1 12.56 p. m. 
12.40 p.m. I 3 .30 ", 



4.13 p. m. 
7.20 " 



dep. Milan arr. 
arr. Turin dep. 



2.03 p. m. 1 6.00 p. m. 
11.30 a. m. 13.10 " 



Milan - Pavia - Genoa 

95 miles. Fares: I Class Lire 19.35; II Class Lire 13.60 



9.15 a. m. 
9.44 " I 
12.30 p.m. 



3.25 p. m. 
3.59 " 
6.40 " 



dep. Milan arr. 

Pavia 
arr. Genoa dep . 



11.55 a. m. 
11.09 " 
8.20 " 



1.50 p.m. 
11.00 a. m. 



6.10 p.m. 
5.28 " 
2.20 " 



Genoa - Alassio - San Remo - Bordighera 

Vintimille [Nice] 

95 mites to Vintimille. Fares: I Class Lire 19.35; II Class Lire 13.60 



7.15 a. m. 


1 11.05 a. m. 


dep. Genoa arr. 


5.35 p. m. 


10.45 p. m. 


10.04 " 


1.40 p.m. 


Alassio 


2.54 " 


8.08 " 


11.25 " 


2.54 " 


San Remo 


1.43 " 


6.50 " 


11.50 " 


i 3.13 " 


Bordighera 


1.24 " 


6.34 " 


12.00 " 


1 3.20 " 


arr. Vintimille dep. 


1.15 " 


6.25 " 


1.53 p. m. 


' 3.46 " 


Monte-Carlo 


10.04 a. m. 


3.19 " 


2.34 " 


1 4.25 " 


! Nice 


9.12 " 


2.37 " 



72 



GENOA 1 * 



1RAMARE 



GENOA'S LEADING HOTEL 

The Last Word in Hotel Comfort 
Patronized by American and English Society 

One of the largest and most sumptuous hotels in Italy. It consti- 
tutes the rendezvous of Fashion and the chosen resort of the nobil- 
ity when visiting Genoa. 

GRAND TERRACES - GLORIOUS VIEWS 

Roller Skating Gallery - Orchestra 

Private Garage 

TARIFF NOT HIGHER THAN THE USUAL FIRST-CLASS GENOA HOTELS 

Telegrams: Miramare - Genoa 
Tariff Cards, and full information at 389 Fifth Ave., New York 

LEADING HOTELS OF FLORENCE 



THE GRAND HOTEL 

Situated in one of the best 
parts of the town, facing the 
river. 

Spacious Public Rooms. 

Luxurious Suites of Rooms 
with Private Baths, 

Steam-heated throughout. 

High Class Restaurant a la 
Carte. 

Patronized by Royalty. 



HOTEL ITALIE 

Centrally located on the 
Lungarno. 

One of the most comfort- 
able First Class Hotels in 
Florence. 

Entirely renovated. 

Apartments with Bath- 
rooms. 

Excellent Cuisine. 

Moderate Prices. 



Further information, reservation of rooms, etc., 
apply to Manager, or 389 Fifth Ave., New York 




The Grand Hotel 

Venice 

Situated in the Finest Part of the Grand Canal 



The largest, best patronized and most comfortable 
Hotel in Venice. Containing 300 Rooms and several 
Suites of Apartments with Private Baths. Spacious 
Terrace over-looking the Grand Canal. Renowned for 
its excellent cuisine. Patronized by English and Ameri- 
can visitors. Steam-heating throughout. 

73 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



International Sleeping Car Company 

Express Trains-de-Luxe 



Composed of the Company's Sleeping and Restaurant Cars 

The Rome - Florence - Cannes Express 

From January to May 
DAILY 



The Simplon Express 

Daily between 
CALAIS, PARIS, LAUSANNE and MILAN 



Berlin - Naples - Palermo Express 

From December to May 

Between BERLIN and PALERMO and 

BERLIN and TAORMINA 



The Paris -Rome -Palermo and Taormina 
Express 

From December to May 



Further information, reservation of accommodations, time 
tables and rates may be obtained from the Company's Office; 
281 Fifth Avenue, New York 

74 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Grand Hotel et des lies Borromees 
Stresa [Lake Maggiore] 

SIMPLON LINE 



The largest high -class Hotel on the Italian Lakes 
Greatly enlarged and entirely renovated. 300 Rooms and 
70 Baths. 

European and American Plans. 

ROMEO OMARINI 



CARGILL'S 

Private English and American 
Pension 

ROME 

(Via Collina, 23) - Via Flavia 

All Modern Comforts 

COOK'S Coupons Accepted 
Open all the year round 
Moderate Terms 

Telegraph Address: Gargill's Roma 
Telephone: 1598 

A. DE GASPERIS 
Branch House: Hotel Sirena-Tivoli 



Hotel D'Angleterre 
ROME 

The Hotel is situated in 
the heart of Rome between 
the Piazza di Spagna and the 
Corso. 

Salon, bedroom and bath 
en suite. 

Lift, electric light and 
steam heat. 

Meals served at individual 
tables. 

UNDER 
AMERICAN MANAGEMENT 



75 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



CAV. FRANCESCO D'ATRI'S 

Fine Arts Gallery 

VIA CONDOTTI 7 and 8, ROME 



Hk 3» j§m| 




ffSF 


lLy, ! BBS 


Wi~ ^w^- 


Wm n..,' \ ^Hn 


■Pj 


P'^B 


m K 




WLk'\ 





Original and Copies of 
Oil Paintings and Water Colors 

by the 

Best Italian Artists 



76 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Giacomo Brogi 

FLORENCE 

ARTISTIC PHOTOGRAPHER 
AND PUBLISHER 

Photographer to H. M. the King 




Retail 

Department 

1. Via Tornabuoni 

(near Ponte S. Trinita) 

Italian Art 

in books and pictures 

Extensive Collections 

Large Carbon Prints 

Fine Arts 

Engravings 

Bronzes 

Terracottas 

Walnut Florentine and 

Renaissance Frames 

Post-cards 
Guides, Books, etc. 



a Jen nti ROME— Corso Umberto 1, 419 
aiso ^\ NAPLES— Piazza dei Martiri, 24-25 

PORTRAIT STUDIO: Lungarno delle Grazie 

Novelty : Drawing-Portraits 

77 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 




COOK'S TOURS 

Established 1841 



Specially Appointed Official Ticket Agents 
for the Italian State Railways 

Tours with Personal Escort to All Parts of Europe All 

the Year Round 
Tours arranged for Families and Private Parties at Inclusive 

Rates, for Any Route Good at Any Time 
Tickets and Tours with or without Hotels, to All Parts 

of the World 
Travellers' Cheques, Letters of Credit, Foreign Money, 

Baggage and Accident Insurance, Baggage and Freight 

Forwarding, Time Tables, Guide Books, etc. 
Every Requisite for the Traveller 

THOS. COOK & SON 

Chief American Office: 
245 Broadway, New York 
Branch Offices: 
264 & 553 Fifth Ave., New York 2389 Broadway New York 
Boston, 336 Washington St. Philadelphia, 137 So. Broad St. 

Chicago, 226 So. Clark St. San Francisco, 689 Market St. 

Los Angeles, 515 So. Spring Street 
Montreal, 530 St. Catherine St. West Toronto, 65 Yonge St. 
Offices in Italy 
Rome, 54 Piazza Esedra Termini I Naples, Galleria Vittoria 
Genoa, 17 Via Cairoli ! Florence, 10 Via Tornabuoni 

Venice, Piazza San Marco : Milan, 7 Via A. Manzoni 

San Remo, Via V. Emanuele i Stresa, 28 Viale Umberto I. 

150 Offices in All Parts of the World 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Established 1879 



De Potter Tours 



Flatiron Building, New York 



i 



Highest Class Conducted Parties 
Limited Membership 

Europe* the Orient* 
Around the World 



Also 



"Practical Tours 

Everywhere in Europe 



European Automobile Tours 

Send for Programmes 



79 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Cfje Cunarb 
H>teamgfnp Company 

LIMITED 

take pleasure in announcing that the Triple 
Screw Turbine Ship "CARMANIA" 20,000 Tons, 
the largest Turbine Steamship ever sent to the 
Mediterranean, the Popular Steamer "CARONIA" 
20,000 Tons [Twin Screw] and the New Steam- 
ships "FRANCONIA" and "LACONIA" 18,000 
Tons [Twin Screw], built in 1911, among the 
largest and most luxurious steamers in the 
world, will be employed in their 

Mediterranean-Egyptian- Adriatic 
S e r vi c e 



I 



.calling at MADEIRA, GIBRAL- 

im J TAR, ALGIERS, VILLE- 

CARONIA November 18th, 1911 ) FRANCHE or GENOA, 

NAPLES and FIUME 

calling at MADEIRA, GIBRAL- 
TAR, ALGIERS, VILLE- 
FRANCHE or GENOA, 
NAPLES, ALEXANDRIA and 
FIUMEt 



CAROMA" January 6th 1912 
'FRANCONIA" January 20th, 1912 
'LACONIA" February 3rd, 1912 

CARONIA" February 20th, 1912 
'CARMANIA" March 2nd, 1912 



tOmits calls at Fiume on 
Feb. 20 and March 2. 



Special Fall Sailing, SS. " IVERNIA " [14,200 tons] 

Nov. 30th 1911, calling at MADEIRA, GIBRALTAR 

NAPLES and ADRIATIC PORTS. 

q SAILING LIST, RATE SHEET and STEAMER 
PLANS as well as Booklets " A NEW WAY TO THE 
OLD WORLD," "MEDITERRANEAN-EGYPTIAN. 
ADRIATIC CRUISES," "CARONIA-CARMANIA," 
" FRANCONIA-LACONIA," "THE BEAUTIFUL 
ADRIATIC," "A HAPPY VILLAGE" and "A TOURIST 
IN THE ORIENT" 

may be secured on application at any of the Company's 
offices or agencies. 

80 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



T2tfS<IP0 RIBNT 

Privacy, independence and exclusiveness is guar- 
anteed to each family. One or more persons can ar- 
range with us for an exclusive trip devised in accord- 
ance with personal requirements. The traveller does 
not have to reach Cairo on a particular steamer or at a 
certain fixed date. 

Booklets and further information on request. 

TABET'S TOURS COMPANY 

Offices : 389 Fifth Ave., New York and Opp. Savoy Hotel, Cairo, Egypt. 

When in New York stop at 

Pretton $all ^otel 

Broadway, 85th to 86th Street 

LARGEST TRANSIENT UPTOWN HOTEL 

MOST ATTRACTIVE PART OF NEW YORK CITY 

BETWEEN RIVERSIDE DRIVE and CENTRAL PARK. 

SUBWAY, SURFACE CARS, TAXICABS. 

Anderson & Price Co. 

The 
Dorland Advertising Agency 

Established 1883 

NEW YORK, 303 Fifth Ave. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., Preston Bldg. 

PARIS, 31 bis Faubourg Montmartre 

LONDON, 3 Regent St. 



THE AGENCY WITH AN 
INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION 

PLACING MORE ADVERTISING OF HOTELS AND 
RESORTS THAN ALL OTHER AGENTS COMBINED 

81 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



^WHITESTAR LINE£ 




"ADRIATIC" ir Dec. 2 



Glorious 
Mediterranean 

Regular Sailings from New York and Boston 
INCLUDING 
The Mammoth "Adriatic" and "Cedric," 
The Largest British Steamers in the Trade 

ft SPECIAL EARLY WINTER SAILING ^r 

Mammoth 
24,541 Tons 
725 ft. Long 

NEW YORK -- MADEIRA - GIBRALTAR - ALGIERS - NAPLES 

Superb Equipment *fo Elevator ft Turkish and 
Electric Baths *fo Gymnasium *fc Swimming Pool 

* MIDWINTER PLEASURE VOYAGES * 

NEW YORK - RIVIERA -- ITALY -- EGYPT 
Via Azores, Madeira, Gibraltar, Algiers 

"ADRIATIC" a "CEORIC" 

(24,541 TONS) ^ Y < 21 >°35 T0NS ) 

January • • 10 /^ January . . 24 
February . . 21 March . . . 6 

FOR FULL DETAILS APPLY TO 

9 N B^t£ y WHITE STAR LINE •*£&*■ 

Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, 

Seattle, Winnipeg, Minneapolis, Toronto, Montreal, New 

Orleans, Quebec, Halifax; 



82 



ITALY 

is the key to European culture and art, and Naples is the 
logical starting point of every well balanced central European 
lour. By following thence the course of history and civiliza- 
tion the maximum of cultural value is obtainable, therefore the 
one BEST WAY through Europe lies along such a route. It 
is known as • 

ttye Ctjautauqua Way 

Like every superior product of intellect and experience it has 
imitators, but it alone includes all the essentials of an ideal 
tour : 

INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP by men of culture and un- 
usual scholarship. Their personal qualities win and hold con- 
fidence and their power of interpretation reveals meanings 
which only years of study could otherwise evolve. 

BALANCED ITINERARIES following the highway of human 
progress from its beginning under Italian skies to its climax in 
the British Isles. 

RICH DAILY PROGRAMS planned to familiarize the trav- 
eler with the greatest in art, architecture, civilization, life. 
Rest and recreation are not overlooked, but culture is the 
supreme object. 

SMALL SELECT PARTIES, membership of which is posi- 
tively limited. Only those to whom a European tour is a 
thoughtful undertaking travel the Chautauqua Way. All hav- 
ing a common purpose there is established at once the first 
essential to party congeniality. 

HIGH CLASS SERVICE is indispensable to those who be- 
come our guests. Only hotels of recognized standing are 
patronized. We travel first class on steamers, first or second, 
according to tour selected, on European railways. We use car- 
riages or automobiles for sightseeing. No walking, no street 
cars, no pensions, no extras. 

MODERATE PRICES that include every necessary expense; 
fees, admissions, gratuities, baggage, etc. 

OUR UNIVERSITY EXTENSION TOURS 
are designed especially for teachers and those to whom a series 
of lectures by specialists in art, history, archaeology and mod- 
ern life particularly appeals. The grouping of several small 
parties under the leadership of highly qualified educators and 
traveling over a common itinerary makes this plan possible. 

THE MAXIMUM OF PLEASURE AND PROFIT AT A 
MINIMUM OF WORRY, DISCOMFORT AND EXPENSE. 

For full information and prices, address 

The Chautauqua Tours 

Marquette Building, Chicago, 111. 

S3 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



HAMBURG- 
AMERICAN 

LINE 



Grand Cruise £ Orient 

By the most palatial cruising steamer afloat 

S. S. "Victoria Luise" 

(16,500 tons). Sailing from New York, January 30, 
1912, on a 78-Day Cruise, to Madeira, Spain, the 

Mediterranean and the Orient. Cost, $325 and up- 
ward. The "Victoria Luise" is equipped with modern 
features providing every luxury and comfort on long cruises 

Italy and Egypt 

Special Trip by the superb transatlantic liner 

"Kaiserin Auguste Victoria" 

the largest and most luxurious steamer of the service. 
Equipped with Ritz-Carlton Restaurant, Palm Gar- 
den, Gymnasium, Electric Baths, Elevators. Will 
leave New York, February 14, 1912, for Madeira, 
Gibraltar, Algiers, Villefranche (Nice), Genoa, 
Naples and Port Said. Time for sight-seeing at each 
port. To or from Port Said, $165 and up. To or from 
all other ports, $115 and up. 



For information write, wire or 'phone 

HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE 
41-45 Broadway, New York 

Boston Pittsburgh St. Louis 

Philadephia Chicago San Francisco 

84 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Memoranda for Travellers 



85 



THE STANDARD GUIDE TO ITALY 



Memoranda for Travellers 



86 



Why Go to the Country 

when you can go to Europe for less money 
on the new large twin-screw steamers of the 

Italian Lines 



Navigazione Generale 
Italiana 

Societa Riunite Florio Rubattino 

La Veloce 

Navigazione Italiana a Vapore 

Italia 

Societa di Navigazione a Vapore 

which make the trip from New York t<* 
Naples in 10 }4 to 11 days. 

All cabins are situated on the upper prom- 
enade deck and are outside rooms with every 
convenience. Excellent cuisine and the best 
wines gratis. 

All steamers are equipped with extra 
powerful Marconi Wireless apparatus. 

For further information, apply to 

HARTFIELD, SOLARI & CO. 

General Agents at 
21 State Street. New York 



FEB U 



SPEND THE 
WINTER IN 



ITALY 



The Land of Wondrous Beauty, 
Sunshine, Art and Romance 

A Myriad of Attractions & 
Allurements for the Tourist 

Travel by the 

Navigazione ) 

Generale Italiana , I 



La Veloce 

Italia 

White Star Line 

Hamburg American 
Line 

Cunard Line 

North German 
Lloyd 

Fabre Line 






5 w/ 




4. 






